Supplementary Materials

for: Tirosh, R. Ballistic Protons and Microwave-induced Water Solitons in Bioenergetic Transformations. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2006, 7, 320-345

Box 1. Protonic induction and hydraulic action of a water soliton (Fig.1 A,B; Movies 1,2)

Box 2. Heat contributions due to elastic and baro-entropic components in a half sarcomere

Box 3. Mechano-chemical conversion into hydraulic compression by active streaming in isotonic and isometric contractions (Fig.3; Interactive Workbook 1)

Table 1. Molecular distances in a pair of dimers (Fig.1a)

File: http://www.mdpi.org/ijms/papers/i7090320/boxes.pdf (PDF, 52K)

Movie 1. Proton-induced water soliton. A ballistic H⁺ is released from H₂O-H⁺ with a kinetic energy of 0.5proton*volt, which corresponds to an initial velocity of 10km/sec. By coherent exchange of microwave photons during 10^-10sec, along a straight path of 500nm, it induces cooperative precession of 13300 electrically polarized water-molecule dimers. The dimers reorganize into non-radiating octal rings that compose a persistent rowing water soliton.

File: http://www.mdpi.org/ijms/papers/i7090320/movie1.wmv (WMV, 2.38M)
Note: Windows Media® Player is required to see this movie. Alternatively you may download the QuickTime^TM player at http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/ and Windows Media® Components for QuickTime^TM at http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/

Movie 2. Rowing soliton. By peripheral rowing-like action, the water soliton continues to propagate during 20msec at a velocity of 25µm/sec, and is able to generate and overcome a maximal pressure-head of 1 kgwt/cm².
File: http://www.mdpi.org/ijms/papers/i7090320/movie2.wmv (WMV, 2.35M)
Note: Windows Media® Player is required to see this movie. Alternatively you may download the QuickTime^TM player at http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/ and Windows Media® Components for QuickTime^TM at http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/

Workbook 1. An interactive workbook for quantitative extraction of muscle contraction variables. Values in color-highlighted cells can be modified (see notes in the workbook).

A. P-V-H relations in isotonic tetanus (Compare to Hill's Equation).

B. Spectrum of P-V-H isotonic parameters.

C. Development of isometric tetanus against an elastic load of compliance C.

Also shown: The theoretical equation for isotonic contraction, the Fenn Effect relation, and the relation between Hill's "heat of maintenance" and the theoretical isometric heat.

File: http://www.mdpi.org/ijms/papers/i7090320/workbook1.xls (XLS, 250K)