Special Issue on "Marine Toxins" of the Marine Drugs journal

Guest Editor
Prof. Dr. Alejandro Mayer, Professor of Pharmacology
Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
Phone: (630) 515-6951; Fax: (630) 515-6295; E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://marinepharmacology.midwestern.edu/

Editorial Assistants
Ms. Ann-Lauriene Haag, [email protected]
Mr. Dietrich Rordorf, [email protected]

Manuscripts should be prepared according to the Instructions for Authors and submitted by e-mail to [email protected], with copy to Guest Editor, Dr. Alejandro M.S. Mayer ([email protected]) and, Prof. Dr. Peter Proksch ([email protected]). The subject title of the message should be "Manuscript for Special Issue on Marine Toxins. Deadline for article submission: 31 October 2007 (new deadline 28 February 2008)

Serena Leone ¹, Alba Silipo ¹, Evgeny L.Nazarenko ², Rosa Lanzetta ¹, Michelangelo Parrilli ¹ and Antonio Molinaro ^1,*
1 Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università degli studi di Napoli “Federico II”, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
2 Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok-22, Russian Federation
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]. Fax: +39-081-674393.
Received:  27 August 2007/ Accepted: 17 September 2007 / Published: 19 September 2007
Review: Molecular Structure of Endotoxins from Gram-negative Marine Bacteria: An Update
Mar. Drugs 2007, 5, 85-112 (PDF format 177 K)


Tom Turk ¹, Robert Frangež ² and Kristina Sepčić ^1,*
1 Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; e-mail: [email protected]
2 Institute of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, Gerbičeva 60, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; e-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: [email protected]; Fax: +38612573390, Tel: +38614233388.
Received: 16 October 2007 / Accepted: 31 October 2007 / Published: 13 November 2007
Review: Mechanisms of Toxicity of 3-Alkylpyridinium Polymers from Marine Sponge Reniera sarai
Mar. Drugs 2007, 5, 157-167 (PDF format 79 K)
 

Michael J. Twiner ^1,*, Nils Rehmann ², Philipp Hess ² and Gregory J. Doucette ¹
1 Marine Biotoxins Program, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA/National Ocean Service, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston SC 29412, USA; E-mail: [email protected] ; E-mail: [email protected]
2 Biotoxin Chemistry, Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Ireland; E-mail: [email protected]; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 30 November 2007; in revised form: 21 February 2008 / Accepted: 18 March 2008 / Published:
Review: Azaspiracid Shellfish Poisoning: A Review on the Chemistry, Ecology, and Toxicology with an Emphasis on Human Health Impacts
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 39-72 (PDF format 573K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080004
 

Beatriz Paz ^1,*, Antonio H. Daranas ^2,3, Manuel Norte ², Pilar Riobó ¹, José M. Franco ¹ and José J. Fernández ^2,*
1 Fitoplancton Tóxico, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36080 Vigo and Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO), Cabo Estay, 36200 Vigo, Spain. E-mails: [email protected] (B. Paz); [email protected] (P. Riobó); [email protected] (J.M. Franco)
2 Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González”, Universidad de La Laguna, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. E-mails: [email protected] (A. Daranas); [email protected] (M. Norte); [email protected] (J.J. Fernández)
3 Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica; Universidad de La Laguna; Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38071, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +34986492111; Fax: +34986498626 (B. Paz) and Tel: +34922318586; Fax: +34922318571 (J.J. Fernández)
Received: 5 December 2007; in revised form: 27 February 2008 / Accepted: 5 March 2008 / Published: 7 May 2008
Review: Yessotoxins, a Group of Marine Polyether Toxins: an Overview
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 73-102 (PDF format 573K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080005


John P. Berry ^1,*, Miroslav Gantar ², Mario H. Perez ², Gerald Berry ² and Fernando G. Noriega ²
1 Marine Science Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
2 Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA; E-mails: [email protected], [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-305-919-4569; Fax: +1-305-919-4030.
Received: 27 February 2008; in revised form: 1 May 2008 / Accepted: 12 May 2008 / Published: 15 May 2008
Review: Cyanobacterial Toxins as Allelochemicals with Potential Applications as Algaecides, Herbicides and Insecticides
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 117-146 (PDF format 344K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080007
 

Manfred Klisch and Donat-P. Häder *
Department for Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 7 March 2008; in revised form: 9 May 2008 / Accepted: 13 May 2008 / Published: 22 May 2008
Review: Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids and Marine Toxins - The Common and the Different
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 147-163 (PDF format 255K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080008
 

Olga M. Pulido ^1,2
1 Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Dr., 2202D2, Tunney’s Pasture, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A-0L2; E-Mail: [email protected]
2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; http://www.medicine.uottawa.ca/path/pulido.html, http://www.iatpfellows.org/
Received: 4 December 2007; in revised form: 16 May 2008 / Accepted: 16 May 2008 / Published: 28 May 2008
Review: Domoic Acid Toxicologic Pathology: A Review
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 180-219 (PDF format 2662K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080010
 

Tamao Noguchi ^1,* and Osamu Arakawa ²
1 Tokyo Health Care University, 3-11-3, Setagaya, Tokyo 154-8568, Japan
2 Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 23 December 2007; in revised form: 24 March 2008 / Accepted: 8 April 2008 / Published: 28 May 2008
Review: Tetrodotoxin – Distribution and Accumulation in Aquatic Organisms, and Cases of Human Intoxication
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 220-242 (PDF format 422K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080011


John S. Ramsdell ^1,* and Tanja S. Zabka ²
1 Marine Biotoxins Program, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Charleston, SC 29414; E-mail: [email protected].
2 The Marine Mammal Center, 1065 Fort Cronkhite, Marin Headlands, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA; Email: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 28 February 2008; in revised form: 26 May 2008 / Accepted: 29 May 2008 / Published: 6 June 2008
Review: In Utero Domoic Acid Toxicity: A Fetal Basis to Adult Disease in the California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 262-290 (PDF format 7650K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080013
  

Jonathan R. Deeds ^1,*, Jan H. Landsberg ^2,*, Stacey M. Etheridge ¹, Grant C. Pitcher ³ and Sara Watt Longan ⁴
1 US Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland, 20723, USA
2 Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 100 Eighth Avenue Southeast, St. Petersburg, Florida, 33712, USA
3 Marine and Coastal Management, Cape Town, South Africa
4 State of Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, Anchorage, AK, USA
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; Tel.: +1-301-436-1474; Fax: +1-301-436-2624; E-mail: [email protected] (J.R. Deeds); or Tel.: +1-727-896-8626; Fax: +1-727-823-0166; E-mail: [email protected] (J.H. Landsberg).
Received: 14 March 2008; in revised form: 3 June 2008 / Accepted: 3 June 2008 / Published: 10 June 2008
Review: Non-Traditional Vectors for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 308-348 (PDF format 1136K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080015


Da-Zhi Wang
State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science / Environmental Science Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
Tel.: +86-592-2186016; Fax: +86-592-2180655; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 9 March 2008; in revised form: 14 May 2008 / Accepted: 14 May 2008 / Published: 11 June 2008
Review: Neurotoxins from Marine Dinoflagellates: A Brief Review
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 349-371 (PDF format 1136K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080016


Sharon M. Watkins ^1,*, Andrew Reich ¹, Lora E. Fleming ² and Roberta Hammond ³
1 Aquatic Toxins Program, Division of Environmental Health, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL 32399-1712, USA
2 NSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
3 Food and Waterborne Disease Program, Division of Environmental Health, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL 32399-1712, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Tel.: +1-850-245-4444 ext. 3939; Fax: +1-850-487-0864; E-Mail: [email protected]
Received: 26 February 2008; in revised form: 17 June 2008 / Accepted: 24 June 2008 / Published: 12 July 2008
Review: Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 430-455 (PDF format 258K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080021


Melissa A. Friedman ^1,2,*, Lora E. Fleming ², Mercedes Fernandez ³, Paul Bienfang ⁴, Kathleen Schrank ⁵, Robert Dickey ⁶, Marie-Yasmine Bottein ⁷, Lorraine Backer ⁸, Ram Ayyar ⁹, Richard Weisman ¹⁰, Sharon Watkins ¹¹, Ray Granade ⁶ and Andrew Reich ¹¹
1 Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida 33140, USA
2 NSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Miami, FL 33136, USA
3 Carlos Albizu University, Miami, FL 33172, USA
4 University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
5 University of Miami Department of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
6 Food and Drug Administration, Division of Seafood Science and Technology, Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA
7 NOAA-National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
8 National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
9 University of Miami Department of Neurology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
10 Florida Poison Information Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
11 Aquatic Toxins Program, Division of Environmental Health, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL 32399, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Email: [email protected]; Mailing address: University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, NSF/NIEHS Oceans & Human Health Center, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, East Grosvenor Building, #E211, Key Biscayne, FL 33149 (Internal Locator: VK). Fax: (305) 421-4833.
Received: 28 February 2008; Received in revised form: 24 July 2008 / Accepted: 19 August 2008 / Published: 21 August 2008
Review: Ciguatera Fish Poisoning: Treatment, Prevention and Management
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 456-479 (PDF format 698K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080022
 

Gian Luigi Mariottini ^1,*, Elisabetta Giacco ¹ and Luigi Pane ²
1 Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, I-16132, Genova, Italy; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]
2 Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, I-16132, Genova, Italy; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 12 March 2008; in revised form: 18 July 2008 / Accepted: 30 July 2008 / Published: 4 September 2008
Review: The Mauve Stinger Pelagia noctiluca (Forsskål, 1775). Distribution, Ecology, Toxicity and Epidemiology of Stings. A Review
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 496-513 (PDF format 336K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080025
 

Alejandro M. S. Mayer ^1,*, Marcio Guzman ², Renee Peksa ³, Mary Hall ⁴, Michael J. Fay ⁵, Peer B. Jacobson ⁶, Anne M. Romanic ⁷ and Sarath P. Gunasekera ⁸
1 Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, Illinois 60515, USA
2 Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, Illinois 60515, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
3 Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, Illinois 60515, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
4 Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, Illinois 60515, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
5 Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, Illinois 60515, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
6 Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
7 GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
8 Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Division of Biomedical Marine Research, 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom the correspondence should be addressed; Tel. 630 515 6951; Fax 630 515 6295. Email: [email protected].
Received: 24 August 2007 / Accepted: 20 September 2007 / Published: 24 September 2007
Full Original Paper: Differential Effects of Domoic Acid and E. coli Lipopolysaccharide on Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Release by Rat Neonatal Microglia: Evaluation of the Direct Activation Hypothesis
Mar. Drugs 2007, 5, 113-135 (PDF format 749 K)
 

Yung Sung Cheng ^1,*, Yue Zhou ¹, C. Mitch Irvin ¹, Barbara Kirkpatrick ² and Lorraine C. Backer ³
1 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest, SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87111, USA; E-mails: [email protected] (for Yue Zhou); [email protected] (C. Mitch Irvin)
2 Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
3 National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341,USA; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel. +1 505-348-9410; Fax +1 505-348-8567
Received: 22 September 2007 / Accepted: 10 October 2007 / Published: 12 October 2007
Full Original Paper: Characterization of Aerosols Containing Microcystin
Mar. Drugs 2007, 5, 136-150 (PDF format 99 K)
 

Zouher Amzil ^1,*, Manoella Sibat ¹, Florence Royer ¹, Nadine Masson ² and Eric Abadie ³

1 IFREMER, Microbiology and Phycotoxins Department, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France; E-mails: [email protected], [email protected]

2 IFREMER, station d’Arcachon, Quai du Cdt Silhouette, 33120, Arcachon, France; E-mail: [email protected],

3 IFREMER, station de Sète, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP 171, 34203, Sète, France; E-mail: [email protected]

Received: 16 October 2007 / Accepted: 21 November 2007 / Published: 23 November 2007
Full Research Paper: Report on the First Detection of Pectenotoxin-2, Spirolide-A and Their Derivatives in French Shellfish
Mar. Drugs 2007, 5, 168-179 (PDF format 136 K)


Sandra Anne Banack ^1,2, Holly E. Johnson ¹, Ran Cheng ¹ and Paul Alan Cox ^1,*
1 Institute for Ethnomedicine, Box 3464, Jackson Hole, Wyoming 83001, USA; E-mails: [email protected] (Sandra Anne Banack); [email protected] (Holly E. Johnson);
[email protected] (Ran Cheng)
2 Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: November 17, 2007 / Accepted: 4 December 2007 / Published: 6 December 2007
Full Original Paper: Production of the Neurotoxin BMAA by a Marine Cyanobacterium
Mar. Drugs 2007, 5, 180-196 (PDF format 373 K)

Lora E. Fleming ^1,*, Eva Jerez ², Wendy Blair Stephan ², Amy Cassedy ³, Judy A Bean ³, Andrew Reich ⁴, Barbara Kirkpatrick ⁵, Lorraine Backer ⁶, Kate Nierenberg ⁵, Sharon Watkins ⁴, Julie Hollenbeck ¹ and Richard Weisman ²
1 NSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 USA
2 South Florida Poison Information Center, Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, and Jackson Health Systems, Miami, FL 33136 USA
3 Biostatistics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45244 USA
4 Aquatic Toxins Group, Environmental Epidemiology, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL 32399-1712 USA
5 Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA
6 National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30341 USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: [email protected]; mailing address: Departments of Epidemiology & Public Health and Marine Biology & Fisheries (MBF)
University of Miami School of Medicine and Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS), Clinical Research Building (CRB), 10th Floor (R 669), 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Tel: +1 305 243 5912' Fax: +1 305 243 3384
Received: 30 October 2007 / Accepted: 12 December 2007 / Published: 14 December 2007
Full Original Paper: Evaluation of Harmful Algal Bloom Outreach Activities
Mar. Drugs 2007, 5, 208-219 (PDF format 190 K)