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Rosário F. Martins ^1,2,3, Miguel F. Ramos ¹, Lars Herfindal ⁴, José A. Sousa ^1,2, Kaja Skærven ⁴ and Vitor M. Vasconcelos  ^1,2,*
1 Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
2 Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, CIMAR/CIIMAR, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
3 Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Rua João de Oliveira Ramos 87, 4000-294 Porto, Portugal
4 Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Phone: 351-223401800; Fax: 351-223390608; E-mail: vmvascon@fc.up.pt
Received: 11 October 2007 / Accepted: 14 January 2008 / Published: 22 January 2008
Full Paper: Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Assessment of Marine Cyanobacteria - Synechocystis and Synechococcus
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 1-11 (PDF format 365K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080001

Harald Bredholt ¹, Espen Fjærvik ², Geir Johnsen ³ and Sergey B. Zotchev ²

1 Alpharma AS, Harbitzalleen 3, 0212 Oslo, Norway
2 Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
3 Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: sergey.zotchev@biotech.ntnu.no
Received: 21 November 2007, in revised form: 17 January 2008 / Accepted: 17 January 2008 / Published: 4 February 2008

Full Paper: Actinomycetes from Sediments in the Trondheim Fjord, Norway: Diversity and Biological Activity

Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 12-24 (PDF format 1430K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080002

(This paper belongs to Special Issue "Bioactive Compounds from Marine Microorganisms", edited by Dr. Ipek Kurtboke)

Santokh S. Gill ^1,*, Yangxun Hou ¹, Talat Ghane ² and Olga M. Pulido ¹
1 Toxicology Research Division, Food Directorate, Health Products and Foods Branch, Banting Research Center, P.L. 2202D2, Tunney’s Pasture, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0L2
2 Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Avenue, Tehran, Iran 14174, P.O. Box: 14155/6451
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 613-952-8555; E-mail: Santokh_Gill@hc-sc.gc.ca
E-mails: Santokh_Gill@hc-sc.gc.ca (S. G.); Yangxun_Hou@hc-sc.gc.ca (Y. H.); Olga_Pulido@hcsc.gc.ca (O. P.)
Received: 28 November 2007; in revised form: 23 January 2008 / Accepted: 9 February 2008 / Published: 7 May 2008

Full Paper: Regional Susceptibility to Domoic Acid in Primary Astrocyte Cells Cultured from the Brain Stem and Hippocampus

Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 25-38 (PDF format 3180K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080003

(This paper belongs to Special Issue "Marine Toxins" edited by Dr. Alejandro Mayer)

Note: an editorial Changes Coming to MDPI Journals: Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and Creative Commons Attribution License has been published in Molecules recently.
 

Michael J. Twiner ^1,*, Nils Rehmann ², Philipp Hess ² and Gregory J. Doucette ¹
1 Marine Biotoxins Program, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA/National Ocean Service, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston SC 29412, USA; E-mail: Mike.Twiner@noaa.gov ; E-mail: Greg.Doucette@noaa.gov
2 Biotoxin Chemistry, Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Ireland; E-mail: nils.rehmann@marine.ie; E-mail: philipp.hess@marine.ie
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Mike.Twiner@noaa.gov
Received: 30 November 2007; in revised form: 21 February 2008 / Accepted: 18 March 2008 / Published: 7 May 2008
Review: Azaspiracid Shellfish Poisoning: A Review on the Chemistry, Ecology, and Toxicology with an Emphasis on Human Health Impacts

Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 39-72 (PDF format 573K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080004

(This paper belongs to Special Issue "Marine Toxins" edited by Dr. Alejandro Mayer)
 

Beatriz Paz ^1,*, Antonio H. Daranas ^2,3, Manuel Norte ², Pilar Riobó ¹, José M. Franco ¹ and José J. Fernández ^2,*
1 Fitoplancton Tóxico, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36080 Vigo and Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO), Cabo Estay, 36200 Vigo, Spain. E-mails: beatriz.paz@vi.ieo.es (B. Paz); pilar.riobo@vi.ieo.es (P. Riobó); jose.franco@vi.ieo.es (J.M. Franco)
2 Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González”, Universidad de La Laguna, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. E-mails: adaranas@ull.es (A. Daranas); mnorte@ull.es (M. Norte); jjfercas@ull.es (J.J. Fernández)
3 Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica; Universidad de La Laguna; Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38071, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +34986492111; Fax: +34986498626 (B. Paz) and Tel: +34922318586; Fax: +34922318571 (J.J. Fernández)
Received: 5 December 2007; in revised form: 27 February 2008 / Accepted: 5 March 2008 / Published: 7 May 2008
Review: Yessotoxins, a Group of Marine Polyether Toxins: an Overview

Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 73-102 (PDF format 573K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080005

(This paper belongs to Special Issue "Marine Toxins" edited by Dr. Alejandro Mayer)
 

Kathi A. Lefebvre ^1,*, Brian D. Bill ¹, Aleta Erickson ², Keri A. Baugh ¹, Lohna O’Rourke ², Pedro R. Costa ³, Shelly Nance ¹ and Vera L. Trainer ¹
1 NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Marine Biotoxins Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA; E-mails: Kathi.Lefebvre@noaa.gov; Brian.D.Bill@noaa.gov; Keri.Baugh@noaa.gov; Shelly.Nance@noaa.gov; Vera.L.Trainer@noaa.gov
2 Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe, 1033 Old Blyn Highway, Sequim, WA, 98382, USA; E-mails: aerickson@jamestowntribe.org; lorourke@jamestowntribe.org
3 IPIMAR, National Institute for Agronomy and Fisheries Research, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal; E-mail: Pedro.Costa@noaa.gov
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: Kathi.Lefebvre@noaa.gov; Tel.: +1-206-302-2454; Fax: +1-206-860-3335
Received: 6 February 2008; in revised form: 16 April 2008 / Accepted: 18 April 2008 / Published: 14 May 2008
Article: Characterization of Intracellular and Extracellular Saxitoxin Levels in Both Field and Cultured Alexandrium spp. Samples from Sequim Bay, Washington
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 103-116 (PDF format 1089K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080006
(This paper belongs to Special Issue "Marine Toxins" edited by Dr. Alejandro Mayer)
 

John P. Berry ^1,*, Miroslav Gantar ², Mario H. Perez ², Gerald Berry ² and Fernando G. Noriega ²
1 Marine Science Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
2 Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA; E-mails: gantarm@fiu.edu, noriegaf@fiu.edu
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: berryj@fiu.edu; Tel.: +1-305-919-4569; Fax: +1-305-919-4030.
Received: 27 February 2008; in revised form: 1 May 2008 / Accepted: 12 May 2008 / Published: 15 May 2008
Review: Cyanobacterial Toxins as Allelochemicals with Potential Applications as Algaecides, Herbicides and Insecticides
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 117-146 (PDF format 344K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080007
(This paper belongs to Special Issue "Marine Toxins" edited by Dr. Alejandro Mayer)
 

Manfred Klisch and Donat-P. Häder *
Department for Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
E-mails: mklisch@biologie.uni-erlangen.de; dphaeder@biologie.uni-erlangen.de
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 7 March 2008; in revised form: 9 May 2008 / Accepted: 13 May 2008 / Published: 22 May 2008
Review: Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids and Marine Toxins - The Common and the Different
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 147-163 (PDF format 255K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080008
(This paper belongs to Special Issue "Marine Toxins" edited by Dr. Alejandro Mayer)


Roberto Perez ^1,†, Li Liu ¹, Jose Lopez ², Tianying An ¹ and Kathleen S. Rein ^1,*
1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
2 Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach FL 33004, USA
E-mails: rperez@med.miami.edu (R. P.) lliu004@fiu.edu (L. L.); tianying@fiu.edu (T. A.); joslo@nova.edu (J. L.); reink@fiu.edu (K. R.)
† Current Address: Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136.
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: reink@fiu.edu; Tel.: +1-305-348-6682; FAX: +1-305-348-3772.
Received: 29 February 2008; in revised form: 9 May 2008 / Accepted: 13 May 2008 / Published: 22 May 2008
Article: Diverse Bacterial PKS Sequences Derived From Okadaic Acid-Producing Dinoflagellates
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 164-179 (PDF format 1136K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080009
(This paper belongs to Special Issue "Marine Toxins" edited by Dr. Alejandro Mayer)


Olga M. Pulido ^1,2
1 Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Dr., 2202D2, Tunney’s Pasture, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A-0L2; E-Mail: Olga_Pulido@hc-sc.gc.ca
2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; http://www.medicine.uottawa.ca/path/pulido.html, http://www.iatpfellows.org/
Received: 4 December 2007; in revised form: 16 May 2008 / Accepted: 16 May 2008 / Published: 28 May 2008
Review: Domoic Acid Toxicologic Pathology: A Review
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 180-219 (PDF format 2662K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080010
(This paper belongs to Special Issue "Marine Toxins" edited by Dr. Alejandro Mayer)
 

Tamao Noguchi ^1,* and Osamu Arakawa ²
1 Tokyo Health Care University, 3-11-3, Setagaya, Tokyo 154-8568, Japan
2 Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
E-mails: t-noguchi@thcu.ac.jp; arakawa@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 23 December 2007; in revised form: 24 March 2008 / Accepted: 8 April 2008 / Published: 28 May 2008
Review: Tetrodotoxin – Distribution and Accumulation in Aquatic Organisms, and Cases of Human Intoxication
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 220-242 (PDF format 422K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080011
(This paper belongs to Special Issue "Marine Toxins" edited by Dr. Alejandro Mayer)
 

Glen P. Eccleston, Peter R. Brooks and D. Ipek Kurtböke *
Faculty of Science, Health and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Qld 4558, Australia
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: ikurtbok@usc.edu.au
Received: 31 March 2008; in revised form: 19 May 2008 / Accepted: 23 May 2008 / Published: 5 June 2008
Article: The Occurrence of Bioactive Micromonosporae in Aquatic Habitats of the Sunshine Coast in Australia
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 243-261 (PDF format 422K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080012
(This paper belongs to Special Issue "Bioactive Compounds from Marine Microorganisms", edited by Dr. Ipek Kurtboke)
 

John S. Ramsdell ^1,* and Tanja S. Zabka ²
1 Marine Biotoxins Program, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Charleston, SC 29414; E-mail: john.ramsdell@noaa.gov.
2 The Marine Mammal Center, 1065 Fort Cronkhite, Marin Headlands, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA; Email: tszabka@yahoo.com
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 28 February 2008; in revised form: 26 May 2008 / Accepted: 29 May 2008 / Published: 6 June 2008
Review: In Utero Domoic Acid Toxicity: A Fetal Basis to Adult Disease in the California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 262-290 (PDF format 7650K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080013
(This paper belongs to Special Issue "Marine Toxins" edited by Dr. Alejandro Mayer)


Catherine J. Walsh ^1,*, Stephanie R. Leggett ¹, Kathryn Strohbehn ¹, Richard H. Pierce ² and John W. Sleasman  ³
1 Marine Immunology Program, Center for Shark Research, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA
2 Chemical Fate and Effects Program, Center for Ecotoxicology, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA
3 Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Tel.: +1-941-388-4441x302; Fax: +1-941-388-4312; E-mail: cjwalsh@mote.org
Received: 3 January 2008; in revised form: 27 May 2008 / Accepted: 4 June 2008 / Published: 10 June 2008
Article: Effects of in vitro Brevetoxin Exposure on Apoptosis and Cellular Metabolism in a Leukemic T Cell Line (Jurkat)
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 291-307 (PDF format 293K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080014
(This paper belongs to Special Issue "Marine Toxins" edited by Dr. Alejandro Mayer)
 

Jonathan R. Deeds ^1,*, Jan H. Landsberg ^2,*, Stacey M. Etheridge ¹, Grant C. Pitcher ³ and Sara Watt Longan ⁴
1 US Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland, 20723, USA
2 Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 100 Eighth Avenue Southeast, St. Petersburg, Florida, 33712, USA
3 Marine and Coastal Management, Cape Town, South Africa
4 State of Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, Anchorage, AK, USA
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; Tel.: +1-301-436-1474; Fax: +1-301-436-2624; E-mail: jonathan.deeds@fda.hhs.gov (J.R. Deeds); or Tel.: +1-727-896-8626; Fax: +1-727-823-0166; E-mail: jan.landsberg@myfwc.com (J.H. Landsberg).
Received: 14 March 2008; in revised form: 3 June 2008 / Accepted: 3 June 2008 / Published: 11 June 2008
Review: Non-Traditional Vectors for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 308-348 (PDF format 1136K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080015
(This paper belongs to Special Issue "Marine Toxins" edited by Dr. Alejandro Mayer)
 

Da-Zhi Wang
State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science / Environmental Science Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
Tel.: +86-592-2186016; Fax: +86-592-2180655; E-mail: dzwang@xmu.edu.cn
Received: 9 March 2008; in revised form: 14 May 2008 / Accepted: 14 May 2008 / Published: 11 June 2008
Review: Neurotoxins from Marine Dinoflagellates: A Brief Review
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 349-371 (PDF format 520K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080016
(This paper belongs to Special Issue "Marine Toxins" edited by Dr. Alejandro Mayer)
 

Lorentz Jäntschi ¹ and Sorana D. Bolboacă ^1,2,*
1 Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Bvd, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; E-mail: lori@academicdirect.org
2 Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, 6 Louis Pasteur, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Tel.: +4-0264-431697; Fax: +4-0264-593847; E-mail: sbolboaca@umfcluj.ro.
Received: 22 March 2008; in revised form: 15 May 2008 / Accepted: 13 June 2008 / Published: 26 June 2008
Article: A Structural Modelling Study on Marine Sediments Toxicity
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 372-388 (PDF format 258K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080017


Lorraine C. Backer ^1,*, Wayne Carmichael ², Barbara Kirkpatrick ³, Christopher Williams ⁴, Mitch Irvin ⁵, Yue Zhou ⁵, Trisha B. Johnson ^6,7, Kate Nierenberg ³, Vincent R. Hill ⁶, Stephanie M. Kieszak ¹ and Yung-Sung Cheng ⁵
1 National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Chamblee, Georgia 30341, USA
2 Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glen Highway, Dayton, Ohio 45435. Current address: 42184 Tweedle Lane, Seaside, Oregon 97138, USA
3 Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, Florida 34236, USA
4 Greenwater Laboratories, 205 Zaegler Drive, Pakatka, Florida 32177, USA
5 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, P.O. Box 5890, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87285, USA
6 National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Chamblee, Georgia 30341, USA
7 Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, Georgia 30033, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: lbacker@cdc.gov; Tel: +1-770-488-3426; Fax: +1-770-488-3450.
Received: 6 February 2008; in revised form: 5 June 2008 / Accepted: 19 June 2008 / Published: 26 June 2008
Article: Recreational Exposure to Low Concentrations of Microcystins During an Algal Bloom in a Small Lake
Mar. Drugs 2008, 6, 389-406 (PDF format 247K); DOI: 10.3390/md20080018
(This paper belongs to Special Issue "Marine Toxins" edited by Dr. Alejandro Mayer)

Accepted Papers:


Liyan Song ^1,2, Shengfang Ren ², Rongmin Yu ^2,*, Chunyan Yan ², Tingfei Li ² and Yu Zhao ^1,*
1 College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
2 College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; Tel.: +86-20-85220386; Fax: +86-20-85224766; Email: tyrm@jnu.edu.cn (R.M. Yu); and Tel.: +86-571-89002539; Fax: +86-571-89002539; Email: dryuzhao@hotmail.com (Y. Zhao)
Received: / Accepted: / Published:
Article: Purification, Characterization and in vitro Anti-Tumor Activity of Proteins from Arca subcrenata Lischke

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