Table of Contents Volume 13, 2008
Molecules ISSN 1420-3049, CODEN: MOLEFW

Vol. 12, 2007
Vol. 11, 2006
Vol. 10, 2005
Vol. 9, 2004
Vol. 8, 2003
Vol. 7, 2002
Vol. 6, 2001
Vol. 5, 2000
Vol. 4, 1999
Vol. 3, 1998
Vol. 2, 1997 Vol. 1, 1996

Issue 1 (January 2008) pages 1-203

Open Access
Derek McPhee and Shu-Kun Lin
Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI), Matthaeusstrasse 11, Basel CH-4057 Switzerland; Tel. +41 79 322 3379, Fax: +41 61 302 8918, E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; http://www.mdpi.org/lin
Received: 3 January 2008 / Published: 9 January 2008
Editorial: 2007 – An Excellent Year for Molecules and a Look Forward to 2008
Molecules 2008, 13, 1-2 (PDF format 16 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010001

Open Access
Beata Jasiewicz
Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 4 December 2007 / Accepted: 30 December 2007 / Published: 9 January 2008
Communication: NMR Spectra of Sparteine N1-oxide and α-Isosparteine N-oxide
Molecules 2008, 13, 3-10 (PDF format 77 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010003
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Alkaloids. Guest Editors: Prof. Dr. Patricia Valentao and Prof. Dr. Mariana Sottomayor)

Open Access
Rok Frlan 1, Andreja Kovač 1, Didier Blanot 2, Stanislav Gobec 1, Slavko Pečar 1,3 and Aleš Obreza 1,*
1 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Tel.: (+386) 14769677; Fax: (+386) 14258031
2 Enveloppes Bactériennes et Antibiotiques, IBBMC, UMR 8619 CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
3 “Jožef Stefan” Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: [email protected]
Received: 19 November 2007; in revised form: 23 December 2007 / Accepted: 23 December 2007 / Published: 11 January 2008
Full Paper: Design and Synthesis of Novel N-Benzylidenesulfonohydrazide Inhibitors of MurC and MurD as Potential Antibacterial Agents
Molecules 2008, 13, 11-30 (PDF format 148 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010030

Open Access
Nelly Alejandra Espinoza-González 1, Oliverio Welsh 1, Noemi Waksman de Torres 2, Norma Cavazos-Rocha 2, Jorge Ocampo-Candiani 1, Salvador Said-Fernandez 3, Gerardo Lozano-Garza 3, Sung-Hak Choi 4 and Lucio Vera-Cabrera 1,*
1 Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José E. González” Ave. Madero y Gonzalitos S/N Col. Mitras Centro Monterrey, N.L. México 64460; E-mail: [email protected]
2 Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño S/N, Col Mitras Centro, Monterrey, N.L., México 64460
3 Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste (CIBIN) del IMSS, 2 de Abril y San Luis Potosí, Col. Independencia, Monterrey, N.L., México 64720
4 Research Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, and College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 2 November 2007; in revised form: 29 December 2007 / Accepted: 29 December 2007 / Published: 11 January 2008
Full Paper: Efficacy of DA-7218, a New Oxazolidinone Prodrug, in the Treatment of Experimental Actinomycetoma Produced by Nocardia brasiliensis
Molecules 2008, 13, 31-40 (PDF format 215 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010031
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)

Open Access
Kyu Ha Lee 1, Min Cheol Yang 1, Ki Hyun Kim 1, Hak Cheol Kwon 2, Sang Un Choi 3 and Kang Ro Lee 1,*
1 Natural Products Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, S. Korea
2 Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, S. Korea
3 Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejon 305-600, S. Korea.
* Author to whom correspondences should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Fax. (+82)-31-292-8800
Received: 18 December 2007; in revised from: 12 January 2008 / Accepted: 13 January 2008 / Published: 16 January 2008
Communication: A New Phenolic Amide from the Roots of Paris verticillata
Molecules 2008, 13, 41-45 (PDF format 58 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010041

Open Access
Antonio Di Stefano*, Piera Sozio and Laura Serafina Cerasa
Department of Drug Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University, School of Pharmacy, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +39-871-3554708; fax: +39-871-3554706; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 4 December 2007; in revised form: 11 January 2008 / Accepted: 11 January 2008 / Published: 16 January 2008
Review: Antiparkinson Prodrugs
Molecules 2008, 13, 46-68 (PDF format 172 K)
DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010046
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)

Open Access
Esther Vicente 1,2, Sarah Charnaud 2, Emily Bongard 2, Raquel Villar 1, Asunción Burguete 1, Beatriz Solano 1, Saioa Ancizu 1, Silvia Pérez-Silanes 1, Ignacio Aldana 1,*, Livia Vivas 2 and Antonio Monge 1
1 Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Centro de Investigación en Farmacobiología Aplicada (CIFA), University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 18 December 2007 / Accepted: 11 January 2008 / Published: 17 January 2008
Full Paper: Synthesis and Antiplasmodial Activity of 3-Furyl and 3-Thienylquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-Di-N-oxide Derivatives
Molecules 2008, 13, 69-77 (PDF format 63 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010069
(Initial data presented at the 11th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry, ECSOC-11, 1-30 November 2007, paper c006. Guest Editor: Dr. Julio A. Seijas Vázquez)

Open Access
Lidia M. Lima 1,2, Esther Vicente 1, Beatriz Solano 1, Silvia Pérez-Silanes 1, Ignacio Aldana 1,* and Antonio Monge 1
1 Unidad en Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Centro de Investigación en Farmacobiología Aplicada (CIFA), University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
2 Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68024, RJ 21944-970, Brazil
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 21 December 2007; in revised form: 16 January 2008 / Accepted: 16 January 2008 / Published: 17 January 2008
Full Paper: Unexpected Reduction of Ethyl 3-Phenylquinoxaline-2-carboxylate 1,4-Di-N-oxide Derivatives by Amines
Molecules 2008, 13, 78-85 (PDF format 48 K)
DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010078
(Initial data presented at the 11th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry, ECSOC-11, 1-30 November 2007, paper a029. Guest Editor: Dr. Julio A. Seijas Vázquez)

Open Access
Esther Vicente, Raquel Villar, Asunción Burguete, Beatriz Solano, Saioa Ancizu, Silvia Pérez-Silanes, Ignacio Aldana* and Antonio Monge
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Centro de Investigación en Farmacobiología Aplicada (CIFA), University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 18 December 2007; in revised form: 16 January 2008 / Accepted: 16 January 2008 / Published: 18 January 2008
Full Paper: Substitutions of Fluorine Atoms and Phenoxy Groups in the Synthesis of Quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide Derivatives
Molecules 2008, 13, 86-95 (PDF format 66 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010086
(Initial data presented at the 11th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry, ECSOC-11, 1-30 November 2007, paper a035. Guest Editor: Dr. Julio A. Seijas Vázquez)

Open Access
Marcin Sobczak*, Ewa Witkowska, Ewa Olędzka and Waclaw Kolodziejski
Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; E-mails: [email protected] (E. Witkowska),
[email protected] (E. Olędzka), [email protected] (W. Kolodziejski)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +48 22 572 07 55; Fax: +48 22 572 07 84.
Received: 14 December 2007; in revised form: 16 January 2008 / Accepted: 16 January 2008 / Published: 18 January 2008
Full Paper: Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Polyester Prodrugs of Norfloxacin
Molecules 2008, 13, 96-106 (PDF format 94 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010096
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)

Open Access
Muzaffer Alkan 1,*, Haydar Yüksek 2, Özlem Gürsoy-Kol 2 and Mustafa Calapoğlu 1
1 Education Faculty, Kafkas University, 36100 Kars, Turkey
2 Department of Chemistry, Kafkas University, 36100 Kars, Turkey; E-mail: [email protected] (Yüksek), [email protected] (Gürsoy-Kol), [email protected] (Calapoğlu)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Fax (+90)-474-2121185
Received: 6 December 2007; in revised form: 18 January 2008 / Accepted: 18 January 2008 / Published: 19 January 2008
Full Paper: Synthesis, Acidity and Antioxidant Properties of Some Novel 3,4-Disubstituted-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one Derivatives
Molecules 2008, 13, 107-121 (PDF format 150 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010107

Open Access
Yi-Chen Chia 1, Fang-Rong Chang 2, Jinn-Chyi Wang 1, Chin-Chung Wu 2, Michael Y.-N. Chiang 3, Yu-Hsuan Lan 2, Keh-Shaw Chen 1,* and Yang-Chang Wu 2,*
1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Ta-Jen University, Ping Tung Hsien, Taiwan; E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
2 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
3 Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan E-mail: [email protected]
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; Yang-Chang Wu, E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: (+886)-7-3121101 ext 2197; Fax: (+886)-7-3114773; or Keh-Shaw Chen,
E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: (+886)-8-7624002 ext 359; Fax: (+886)-8-7621902
Received: 20 November 2007; in revised form: 7 January 2008 / Accepted: 7 January 2008 / Published: 21 January 2008
Full Paper: Antiplatelet Aggregation Coumarins from the Leaves of Murraya omphalocarpa
Molecules 2008, 13, 122-128 (PDF format 216 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010122

Open Access
Luca Zoia, Maurizio Bruschi, Marco Orlandi*, Eeva-Liisa Tolppa and Bruno Rindone
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126 Milan, Italy; E-mails: [email protected], [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel. (+39)0264482812; Fax (+39)0264482839
Received: 26 November 2007; in revised form: 21 January 2008 / Accepted: 21 January 2008 / Published: 23 January 2008
Full Paper: Asymmetric Biomimetic Oxidations of Phenols: The Mechanism of the Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Thomasidioic Acid
Molecules 2008, 13, 129-148 (PDF format 551 K)
DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010129

Open Access
Giancarlo Cravotto 1,*, Emanuela Calcio Gaudino 1, Luisa Boffa 1, Jean-Marc Lévêque 2, Julien Estager 2 and Werner Bonrath 3
1 Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]
2 Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement, Polytech’Savoie, Université de Savoie, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac Cedex, France; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]
3 DSM Nutritional Products, Research and Development, NRD/CC, Building-214/071, P.O. Box 3255, CH 4002-Basel, Switzerland; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 24 December 2007; in revised form: 23 January 2008 / Accepted: 23 January 2008 / Published: 25 January 2008
Full Paper: Preparation of Second Generation Ionic Liquids by Efficient Solvent-Free Alkylation of N-Heterocycles with Chloroalkanes
Molecules 2008, 13, 149-156 (PDF format 39 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010149

Open Access
Ellis Benjamin 1,* and Yousef Hijji 2
1 Department of Chemistry and Physics, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
2 Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. [email protected]
Received: 26 December 2007; in revised form: 21 January 2008 / Accepted: 22 January 2008 / Published: 25 January 2008
Full Paper: The Synthesis of Unsubstituted Cyclic Imides Using Hydroxylamine under Microwave Irradiation
Molecules 2008, 13, 157-169 (PDF format 39 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010157
 (Initial data presented at the 11th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry, ECSOC-11, 1-30 November 2007, paper e007. Guest Editor: Dr. Julio A. Seijas Vázquez)

Open Access
Adel M. Awadallah 1,* and Jalal A. Zahra 2
1 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Gaza, P. O. Box 108, Gaza, Palestine
2 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: +962-6 5348932; Tel.: +962-6 5355000 (ext. 22163)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel. +970-8-2823311, Fax: +970-8-2823310
Received: 9 January 2008; in revised form: 22 January 2008 / Accepted: 22 January 2008 / Published: 28 January 2008
Full Paper:
Reaction of Nitrilimines with 2-Substituted Aza-heterocycles. Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyridine and Pyrimido[2,1-d]1,2,3,5-tetrazine
Molecules 2008, 13, 170-176 (PDF format 56 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010170

Open Access
Valeriu Sunel 1, Marcel Popa 2, Jacques Desbrières 3, Lenuta Profire 4,*, Pintilie Otilia 1 and Lionte Catalina 5
1 Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi, 11 B-dul Carol I, 700506, Romania; e-mails: [email protected] (
Sunel), [email protected] (Otilia)
2 Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Gh. Asachi Technical University, 71A B-dul Mangeron, Iasi, 700050, Romania; e-mail: [email protected]
3 Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l’Environnement et les Matériaux – Equipe de Physique et Chimie des Polymèrs (IPREM/EPCP), UMR 5254 CNRS – Pau et Pays de l’Adour University, Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées 2, av. President Angout, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
4 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gr. T. Popa Medicine and Pharmacy University, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115, Romania
5 Medical Clinic, Emergency Clinic Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Gr. T. Popa Medicine and Pharmacy University, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115, Romania
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Phone: (+40)232 267801; Fax: (+40) 232 211802.
Received: 30 December 2007; in revised form: 23 January 2008 / Accepted: 23 January 2008 / Published: 28 January 2008
Full Paper: New Di-(β-chloroethyl)-α-amides on N-(meta-Acylaminobenzoyl)-D,L-aminoacid Supports with Antitumoral Activity
Molecules 2008, 13, 177-189 (PDF format 240 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010177

Open Access
Winston Quiñones 1, Bernardo Vicente 1, Fernando Torres 1, Rosendo Archbold 1, Walter Murillo 1, Martha Londoño 2 and Fernando Echeverri 1,*
1 Grupo de Química Orgánica de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia-SIU, Medellin, Colombia
2 Corporación Agropecuaria Colombiana-CORPOICA, La Selva, Rionegro-Colombia
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +574 2106595, Fax.: +574 2106565.
Received: 4 December 2007; in revised form: 21 January 2008 / Accepted: 28 January 2008 / Published: 29 January 2008
Full Paper: Chemical Composition of Ground Pearl (Eurhizococcus colombianus) Cysts
Molecules 2008, 13, 190-194 (PDF format 129 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010190

Open Access
Ramadan A. Mekheimer*, Afaf M. Abdel Hameed and Kamal U. Sadek
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, EL-Minia University, El-Minia 61519, A. R. Egypt; E-mail: [email protected] (Sadek)
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 30 November 2006 / Accepted: 25 February 2007 / Published: 30 January 2008
Full Paper: First Synthesis and Isolation of the E- and Z-Isomers of Some New Schiff Bases. Reactions of 6-Azido-5-Formyl-2-Pyridone with Aromatic Amines
Molecules 2008, 13, 195-203 (PDF format 83 K)
DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010195

Issue 2 (February 2008) pages 204-487

Open Access
Michael N. Levine 1, Luke D. Lavis 2 and Ronald T. Raines 1,2,*
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1544, USA
2 Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706-1322, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 19 January 2008 / Accepted: 30 January 2008 / Published: 31 January 2008
Full Paper: Trimethyl Lock: A Stable Chromogenic Substrate for Esterases
Molecules 2008, 13, 204-211 (PDF format 141 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)

Open Access
Jun De Chen 1, Dan Qin Feng 2, Zhi Wei Yang 1, Zhan Chang Wang 1, Yan Qiu 3 and Yi Ming Lin 1,*
1 Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
2 College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
3 Pharmaceutical Department, Medical School, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: (+86) 592 2187657; Fax: (+86) 592 2181015
Received: 28 November 2007; in revised form: 29 January 2008 / Accepted: 29 January 2008 / Published: 31 January 2008
Communication: Antifouling Metabolites from the Mangrove Plant Ceriops tagal
Molecules 2008, 13, 212-219 (PDF format 89 K)

Open Access
Zhi-Shan Ding 1, Fu-Sheng Jiang 1, Ni-Pi Chen 1, Gui-Yuan Lv 1 and Cheng-Gang Zhu 2,*
1 Faculty of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, P. R. China; E-mails: [email protected] (Z.-S. Ding); [email protected] (F.-S. Jiang), [email protected] (N.-P. Chen), [email protected] (G.-Y. Lv)
2 College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, P. R. China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: (+86)-571-8820 6615; Tel:(+86)-571-8820 6615
Resubmitted version Received: 21 December 2007; in revised form: 18 January 2008 / Accepted: 28 January 2008 / Published: 31 January 2008
Full Paper: Isolation and Identification of an Anti-tumor Component from Leaves of Impatiens balsamina
Molecules 2008, 13, 220-229 (PDF format 232 K)

Open Access
Andrea Brioschi 1,*, Gian Paolo Zara 2, Sara Calderoni 3, Maria Rosa Gasco 4 and Alessandro Mauro 1,5
1 Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS – Department of Neurology – Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Piancavallo, PO. Box 1 – 28921 Verbania, Italy
2 University of Torino – Department Anatomy Pharmacology Forensic Medicine – Torino, Italy
3 Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS – Department of Neurology – Laboratory of Clinical Neurobiology – Verbania, Italy
4 Nanovector S.r.l. – Torino, Italy
5 University of Torino – Departement of Neurosciences – Torino, Italy
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 4 January 2008; in revised form: 31 January 2008 / Accepted: 1 February 2008 / Published: 1 February 2008
Review: Cholesterylbutyrate Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as a Butyric Acid Prodrug
Molecules 2008, 13, 230-254 (PDF format 148 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)

Open Access
Yung-Husan Chen 1, Fang-Rong Chang 1, Mei-Chin Lu 1, Pei-Wen Hsieh 1, Ming-Jiuan Wu 2, Ying-Chi Du 1 and Yang-Chang Wu 1,*
1 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; E-mail: [email protected] (Y.H. Chen), [email protected] (F.R. Chang), [email protected] (P.W. Hsieh), [email protected] (Y.C. Du), [email protected] (M.C. Lu)
2 Department of Biotechnology, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan; E-mail: [email protected] (M.J. Wu)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: +886-7-312-1101 ext. 2197; Fax: +886-7-311-4773.
Received: 18 January 2008; in revised form: 4 February 2008 / Accepted: 4 February 2008 / Published: 5 February 2008
Full paper: New Benzoyl Glucosides and Cytotoxic Pterosin Sesquiterpenes from Pteris ensiformis Burm.
Molecules 2008, 13, 255-266 (PDF format 88 K)

Open Access
Hong-Yu Ma 1, Yi Sun 1, Yu-Zhi Zhou 1, Min Hong 2 and Yue-Hu Pei 1,*
1 School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
2 National Standard Laboratory for Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-24-23986483
Received: 26 November 2007; in revised form: 2 February 2008 / Accepted: 4 February 2008 / Published: 5 February 2008
Communication: Two New Constituents from Artemisia capillaris Thunb.
Molecules 2008, 13, 267-271 (PDF format 60 K)

Open Access
Seung Ho Lee, Jong-Keun Son, Byeong Seon Jeong, Tae-Cheon Jeong, Hyeon Wook Chang, Eung-Seok Lee and Yurngdong Jahng *
College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749 Korea
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 1 January 2008; in revised form 1 February 2008 / Accepted: 2 February 2008 / Published: 6 February 2008
Review: Progress in the Studies on Rutaecarpine
Molecules 2008, 13, 272-300 (PDF format 250 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Alkaloids. Guest Editors: Prof. Dr. Patricia Valentao and Prof. Dr. Mariana Sottomayor)

Open Access
Ermitas Alcalde 1,*, Neus Mesquida 1,*, Carmen Alvarez-Rúa 2, Rosa Cuberes 3, Jordi Frigola 3 and Santiago García-Granda 2
1 Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
2 Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
3 Laboratorios del Dr. Esteve, S.A., Avda. Mare de Déu de Montserrat, 221, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 30 December 2007; in revised form: 1 February 2008 / Accepted: 4 February 2008 / Published: 7 February 2008
Full Paper: 1,2-Diaryl(3-pyridyl)ethanone Oximes. Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Networks Revealed by X-ray Diffraction
Molecules 2008, 13, 301-318 (PDF format 354 K)
Supplementary Material for this paper is available via the Internet at
http://www.mdpi.org/molecules/papers/13020301sm.pdf
(PDF format 1511 K)

Open Access
Roberto Ballini 1,*, Marino Petrini 1 and Goffredo Rosini 2
1 Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, via S.Agostino, 1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy; E-mail: [email protected]
2 Dipartimento di Chimica Organica ‘A. Mangini’, Alma Mater Studiorum–Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento n. 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: +39 0737 402297
Received: 8 January 2008; in revised form: 2 February 2008 / Accepted: 4 February 2008 / Published: 7 February 2008
Review: Nitroalkanes as Central Reagents in the Synthesis of Spiroketals
Molecules 2008, 13, 319-330 (PDF format 81 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Spiro Compounds. Guest Editor: Dr. Guy Plourde)

Open Access
Sakineh Asghari*, Mohammad Bagher Poushani and Samaneh Ramezani
Department of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, P. O. Box 453, Babolsar, Iran; E-mails: [email protected], [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 24 December 2007; in revised form: 21 January 2008 / Accepted: 21 January 2008 / Published: 7 February 2008
Full Paper: A Facile Route to Diastereomeric Phosphorus Ylides. Chemoselective Synthesis of Dialkyl (E)-2-[1-(2-Oxocyclopentylidene)ethyl]-2-butenedioates
Molecules 2008, 13, 331-339 (PDF format 79 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Spiro Compounds. Guest Editor: Dr. Guy Plourde)

Open Access
Jaime Escalante*, Manuel Carrillo-Morales and Irma Linzaga
Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Mor., México
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 30 December 2008; in revised form: 1 February 2008 / Accepted: 2 February 2008 / Published: 7 February 2008
Full Paper: Michael Additions of Amines to Methyl Acrylates Promoted by Microwave Irradiation
Molecules 2008, 13, 340-347 (PDF format 67 K)

Open Access
Karl Vollmann, Ramatullah Qurishi, Jörg Hockemeyer and Christa E. Müller*
Pharma-Center Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; http://www.pharmazentrum.uni-bonn.de/ and http://www.pharma.uni-bonn.de/pharmchem/
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received:  29 January 2008; in revised form: 11 February 2008 / Accepted: 11 February 2008 / Published: 12 February 2008
Full Paper: Synthesis and Properties of a New Water-Soluble Prodrug of the Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonist MSX-2
Molecules 2008, 13, 348-359 (PDF format 96 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)

Open Access
Francesca Leonelli, Angela La Bella, Luisa Maria Migneco and Rinaldo Marini Bettolo*
Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Sezione di Roma, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, BOX n. 34 ROMA 62, I-00185 Roma, Italy; E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
†Dedicated to the Memory of Prof. Vittorio Crescenzi [1]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 29 January 2008; in revised form: 11 February 2008 / Accepted: 11 February 2008 / Published: 12 February 2008
Review: Design, Synthesis and Applications of Hyaluronic Acid-Paclitaxel Bioconjugates
Molecules 2008, 13, 360-378 (PDF format 106 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)

Open Access
Iwona Kowalczyk
Laboratory of Microbiocides Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 30 January 2008; in revised form: 12 February 2008 / Accepted: 12 February 2008 / Published: 15 February 2008
Full Paper:
Synthesis, Molecular Structure and Spectral Properties of Quaternary Ammonium Derivatives of 1,1-Dimethyl-1,3-propylenediamine
Molecules 2008, 13, 379-390 (PDF format 151 K)

Open Access  (open access to this paper was granted by MDPI)
Amin I. Kassis*, Houari Korideck, Ketai Wang, Pavel Pospisil and S. James Adelstein
Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Armenise Building, Room D2-137, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Telephone: (617) 432-7777; Fax: (617) 432-2419; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 6 February 2008 / Revised version received: 15 February 2008 / Accepted: 15 February 2008 / 18 February 2008
Review: Novel Prodrugs for Targeting Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radionuclides to Solid Tumors
Molecules 2008, 13, 391-404 (PDF format 632 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)

Open Access
Muhammad Shaiq Ali 1,*, Shakeel Ahmed 1 and Muhammad Saleem 1,2
1 H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
2 Department of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: (+ 92) 21-4824930; Fax: (+ 92) 21-4819018
Received: 11 January 2008; in revised form: 4 February 2008 / Accepted: 4 February 2008 / Published: 18 February 2008
Full Paper: Spirowallichiione: A Rearranged Multiflorane from Euphorbia wallichii Hook F. (Euphorbiaceae)
Molecules 2008, 13, 405-411 (PDF format 66 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Spiro Compounds. Guest Editor: Dr. Guy Plourde)

Open Access
Masakiyo Hosokawa
Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science, Shiomi-Cho, Choshi-City, Chiba 288-0025, Japan; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 14 December 2007; in revised form: 9 February 2008 / Accepted: 11 February 2008 / Published: 18 February 2008
Review: Structure and Catalytic Properties of Carboxylesterase Isozymes Involved in Metabolic Activation of Prodrugs
Molecules 2008, 13, 412-431 (PDF format 619 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)

Open Access
Manisha Sathe 1, D. Thavaselvam 2, A. K. Srivastava 1 and M. P. Kaushik 1,*
1 Discovery Center, Defence R & D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
2 Microbiology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior-474002, India
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 31 January 2008; in revised form: 11 February 2008 / Accepted: 15 February 2008 / Published: 18 February 2008
Full Paper: Synthesis and Antimalarial Evaluation of Cyclic β-Amino Acid-Containing Dipeptides
Molecules 2008, 13, 432-443 (PDF format 97 K)

Open Access
Klaudia Michalska and Wanda Kisiel *
Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pl-31-343 Krakow, Poland
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +48 12 6623254; Fax: +48 12 6374500
Received: 8 February 2008; in revised form: 15 February 2008 / Accepted: 15 February 2008 / Published: 19 February 2008
Full Paper: The First Guaian-12-oic Acid Glucopyranosyl Ester and Other Constituents from Picris rhagadioloides (L.) Desf. (Asteraceae)
Molecules 2008, 13, 444-451 (PDF format 49 K)

Open Access
Helieh S. Oz* and Jeffrey L. Ebersole
Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; E-mail: [email protected] (Jeffrey L. Ebersole)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; Phone: +1 (859) 323-0887
Received: 26 January 2008; in revised form: 20 February 2008 / Accepted: 21 February 2008 / Published: 27 February 2008
Review: Application of Prodrugs to Inflammatory Diseases of the Gut
Molecules 2008, 13, 452-474 (PDF format 142 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)

Open Access
Jae Joon Lee 1, Chun Mei Jin 1, Young Kyoon Kim 2, Shi Yong Ryu 3, Sung Cil Lim 1 and Myung Koo Lee 1,*
1 College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University, 12, Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, Korea; E-mail: [email protected] (Jae Joon Lee); [email protected] (Chun Mei Jin); [email protected] (Sung Cil Lim)
2 College of Forest Science, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Korea; E-mail: [email protected] (Young Kyoon Kim)
3 Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Taejeon 305-606, Korea; E-mail: [email protected] (Shi Yong Ryu)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: +82-43-262-2822, Fax: +82-43-276-2754.
Received: 30 January 2008; in revised form: 22 February 2008 / Accepted: 25 February 2008 / Published: 27 February 2008
Full Paper: Effects of Anonaine on Dopamine Biosynthesis and L-DOPA-Induced Cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells
Molecules 2008, 13, 475-487 (PDF format 132 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Alkaloids. Guest Editors: Prof. Dr. Patricia Valentao and Prof. Dr. Mariana Sottomayor)
 
Issue 3 (March 2008) pages 488-715

Open Access
Derek McPhee
Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI), Matthaeusstrasse 11, Basel CH-4057 Switzerland; Tel. +41 79 322 3379, Fax: +41 61 302 8918, E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 29 February 2008 / Published: 1 March 2008
Editor's Note: Withdrawn Paper: Antibacterial Effect of Five Zingiberaceae Essential Oils by Laohakunjit et al., Molecules 2007, 12, 2047-2060
Molecules 2008, 13, 488-489 (PDF format 20 K)

Open Access
Zhenlin Xu 1, Youhui Yang 1, Yueming Jiang 2, Yuanming Sun 1,*, Yudong Shen 1 and Jie Pang 1,3
1 College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
2 South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China; E-mail: [email protected]
3 College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, R. China; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 16 January 2008; in revised form: 20 February 2008 / Accepted: 20 February 2008 / Published: 1 March 2008
Full Paper: Synthesis and Characterization of Konjac Glucomannan-Graft-Polyacrylamide via γ-Irradiation
Molecules 2008, 13, 490-500 (PDF format 301 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Polysaccharides. Guest Editor: Dr. Shao-ping Li, E-mail: [email protected])

Open Access
Jana Tomaščiková
1, Ján Imrich 1,*, Ivan Danihel 1, Stanislav Böhm 2, Pavol Kristian 1, Jana Pisarčíková 1, Marián Sabol 3 and Karel D. Klika 4
1 Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, SK-041 67 Košice, Slovak Republic
2 Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, CZ-166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
3 Institute of Medical and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, SK-040 66 Košice, Slovak Republic
4 Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 19 February 2008; in revised form: 27 February 2008 / Accepted: 27 February 2008 / Published: 1 March 2008
Full Paper: Regioselectivity and Tautomerism of Novel Five-Membered Ring Nitrogen Heterocycles Formed via Cyclocondensation of Acylthiosemicarbazides
Molecules 2008, 13, 501-518 (PDF format 121 K)

Open Access
Ana L. Simplício 1,2,*, John M. Clancy 3 and John F. Gilmer 3
1 Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República – EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
2 IBET, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
3 School of Pharmacy, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 14 December 2007; in revised form: 25 February 2008 / Accepted: 25 February 2008 / Published: 3 March 2008
Review: Prodrugs for Amines
Molecules 2008, 13, 519-547 (PDF format 165 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)

Open Access
Min Chen 1,*, Xiumei Xu 2,3, Zhihua Liao 2, Li Dong 2, Lei Li 2 and Chengzhi Huang 4
1 School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
2 Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest China Normal University S Chongqing 400715, P.R. China; E-mails: [email protected] (Xu); [email protected] (Liao); [email protected] (Dong); [email protected] (Li)
3 School of Life Sciences, Linyi Normal University, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276005, P.R. China
4 CQKL-LRTA, School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Phone: (+86)2368251225; Fax: (+86)68251225.
Received: 30 January 2008; in revised form: 28 February 2008 / Accepted: 29 February 2008 / Published: 3 March 2008
Full Paper: Neglschisandrins A-B: Two New Dibenzocyclooctene Lignans from Schisandra neglecta
Molecules 2008, 13, 548-555 (PDF format 152 K)

Open Access
Huanan Hu 1,2,3, Anjiang Zhang 3,4,*, Lisheng Ding 1,*, Xinxiang Lei 3 and Lixue Zhang 3
1 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
2 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
3 College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
4 Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: (+86) 574 86685127; Fax: (+86) 574 87912309.
Received: 9 November 2007; in revised form: 13 February 2008 / Accepted: 20 February 2008/ Published: 3 March 2008
Full Paper: Regioselective Synthesis of 1-(2,6-Dichloro-4-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-Alkyl-1H-[1,2,3]-Triazoles
Molecules 2008, 13, 556-566 (PDF format 124 K)

Open Access
Carmen Limban 1, Mariana-Carmen Balotescu Chifiriuc 2,*, Alexandru-Vasile Missir 1, Ileana Cornelia Chiriţă 1 and Coralia Bleotu 3
1 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Farmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, sect. 2, 020956, Bucharest, Romania; E-mails: [email protected] (Carmen Limban, Cornelia Chirita, Alexandru Vasile Missir)
2 Microbiology-Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Ale. Portocalelor 1-3, sect. 5, Bucharest, Romania; E-mail: [email protected] (Mariana-Carmen Balotescu Chifiriuc)
3 Institute of Virology “Prof. St. Nicolau”, Sos. M. Bravu, 36, sect.2, Bucharest, Romania; E-mail: [email protected] (Coralia Bleotu)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 29 January 2008; in revised form: 29 February 2008 / Accepted: 29 February 2008 / Published: 4 March 2008
Full Paper: Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Thioureides Derived from 2-(4-Chlorophenoxymethyl)benzoic Acid
Molecules 2008, 13, 567-580 (PDF format 316 K)

Open Access
Aline Lamien-Meda 1,*, Charles Euloge Lamien 1,2, Moussa M.Y. Compaoré 1, Roland N.T. Meda
1, Martin Kiendrebeogo 1, Boukare Zeba 1, Jeanne F. Millogo 3 and Odile G. Nacoulma 1
1 Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Appliquées, U.F.R/S.V.T, Université de Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouaga 03, Burkina Faso; E-mails: [email protected] (M.M.Y.C.); [email protected] (R.N.T.M.); [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (B.Z.); [email protected] (O.G.N.)
2 Animal Production Unit, FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratory, IAEA, Vienna, Austria; E-mail: [email protected] (C.E.L.)
3 Laboratoire de Biologie et d’Ecologie Végétales, U.F.R/S.V.T, Université de Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouaga 03, Burkina Faso; E-mail: [email protected]  (J.F.M.)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 28 January 2008; in revised form: 4 March 2008 / Accepted: 5 March 2008 / Published: 6 March 2008
Full Paper: Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of Fourteen Wild Edible Fruits from Burkina Faso
Molecules 2008, 13, 581-594 (PDF format 125 K)

Open Access
Takayuki Ogi 1,2, Junsei Taira 3, Palupi Margiastuti 1 and Katsuhiro Ueda 1,*
1 Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho Okinawa 903-0123, Japan
2 Okinawa Industrial Technology Center, Uruma-shi Okinawa 904-2234, Japan; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: (+81)-98-929-0120, Fax: (+81)-98-929-0115
3 Department of Bioresources Engineering, Okinawa National College of Technology, Nago-shi Okinawa 905-2192, Japan; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: (+81)-980-55-4207; Fax: (+81)-980-55-4012
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: (+81)-98-895-8894; Fax: (+81)-98-895-8565.
Received: 20 February 2008; in revised form: 8 March 2008 / Accepted: 9 March 2008 / Published: 11 March 2008
Communication: Cytotoxic Metabolites from the Okinawan Ascidian Diplosoma virens
Molecules 2008, 13, 595-602 (PDF format 114 K)

Open Access
Sanda P. Dilber 1, Silva Lj. Dobric 2, Zorica D. Juranic 3, Bojan D. Markovic 1, Sote M. Vladimirov 1 and Ivan O. Juranic 4,*
1 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
2 Institute for Scientific Information, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
3 Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
4 Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 158, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
* Author to whom the correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 18 February 2008; in revised form: 8 March 2008/ Accepted: 10 March 2008 / Published: 18 March 2008
Full Paper: Docking Studies and Anti-inflammatory Activity of β-Hydroxy-β-arylpropanoic Acids
Molecules 2008, 13, 603-615 (PDF format 114 K)

Open Access
Man Chin Chung 1,*, Elizabeth Igne Ferreira 2,†, Jean Leandro Santos l,2, Jeanine Giarolla 2, Daniela Gonçales Rando 2, Adélia Emília Almeida 1, Priscila Longhin Bosquesi 1, Renato Farina Menegon 1 and Lorena Blau 1
1 Lapdesf - Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas - UNESP Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1,
14801-902, Brazil
2 LAPEN – Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Quimioterápicos Potencialmente Ativos em Endemias Tropicais, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas – USP/SP, R. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, B-13S, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil; † E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 11 January 2008; in revised form: 12 March 2008 / Accepted: 12 March 2008 / Published: 19 March 2008
Review: Prodrugs for the Treatment of Neglected Diseases
Molecules 2008, 13, 616-677 (PDF format 462 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)

Open Access
Giuseppe A. Consiglio, Salvatore Failla and Paolo Finocchiaro*
Dipartimento di Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l`Ingegneria, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6-95125-Catania Italy; E-mails: [email protected] (Giuseppe A. Consiglio);
[email protected] (Salvatore Failla); [email protected] (Paolo Finocchiaro)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 25 February 2008; in revised form: 14 March 2008 / Accepted: 16 March 2008 / Published: 20 March 2008
Review: New Cleft-like Molecules and Macrocycles from Phosphonate Substituted Spirobisindanol
Molecules 2008, 13, 678-700 (PDF format 190 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Spiro Compounds. Guest Editor: Dr. Guy Plourde)

Open Access
Qiang Yu and Per Carlsen *
Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology-NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 21 February 2008 / Accepted: 10 March 2008 / Published: 26 March 2008
Full Paper: Synthesis of Polynucleotide Analogs Containing a Polyvinyl Alcohol Backbone
Molecules 2008, 13, 701-715 (PDF format 158 K)

Issue 4 (April 2008) pages 716-1024

Open Access
Salvador Gil, Margarita Parra* and Pablo Rodríguez
Department de Organic Chemistry, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Fax +34(9)63543831; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 10 March 2008; in revised form: 26 March 2008 / Accepted: 26 March 2008 / Published: 27 March 2008
Full Paper: An Efficient Synthesis of γ-Aminoacids and Attempts to Drive Its Enantioselectivity
Molecules 2008, 13, 716-728 (PDF format 75 K)

Open Access
Tong Fei Zhu 1,2, Kai Yi Huang 2, Xu Ming Deng 1,*, Yu Zhang 2, Hua Xiang 1, Hui Yuan Gao 2 and Da Cheng Wang 1,*
1 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
2 School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China; E-mail: [email protected] (Zhu)
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; Fax: (+86)-431-87836160
Received: 2 February 2008 / Accepted: 24 March 2008 / Published: 27 March 2008
Full Paper: Three New Caffeoyl Glycosides from the Roots of Picrorhiza Scrophulariiflora
Molecules 2008, 13, 729-735 (PDF format 75 K)

Open Access
Oztekin Algul 1,*, Andre Kaessler 2, Yagmur Apcin 1, Akin Yilmaz 1 and Joachim Jose 2
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin 33169, Turkey; Tel: (+90) 532 414 01 99; Fax: (+90) 324 341 30 22; E-mails: [email protected] (Akin Yilmaz), [email protected] (Yagmur Apcin)
2 Department of Bioanalytics, Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany; E-mails: [email protected] (Andre Kaessler), [email protected] (Joachim Jose)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 12 February 2008; in revised form: 20 March 2008 / Accepted: 20 March 2008 / Published: 27 March 2008
Full Paper: Comparative Studies on Conventional and Microwave Synthesis of Some Benzimidazole, Benzothiazole and Indole Derivatives and Testing on Inhibition of Hyaluronidase
Molecules 2008, 13, 736-748 (PDF format 179 K)

Open Access
Paolo Urbani 1, Anna Ramunno 1, Rosanna Filosa 1, Aldo Pinto 1, Ada Popolo 1, Erminia Bianchino 1, Stefano Piotto 1, Carmela Saturnino 1, Rocco De Prisco 2, Barbara Nicolaus 2 and Giuseppina Tommonaro 2,*
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno,Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, (SA) Italy; E-mails: [email protected] (P. Urbani); [email protected] (A. Ramunno); [email protected] (R. Filosa); [email protected] (A. Pinto); [email protected] (A. Popolo); [email protected] (E. Bianchino); [email protected] (S. Piotto); [email protected] (C. Saturnino)
2 Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, (NA) Italy; Emails: [email protected] (R. De Prisco); [email protected] (B. Nicolaus)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Phone: +39-81-8675190; Fax: +39-81-8041770
Received: 14 February 2008; in revised form: 4 March 2008 / Accepted: 25 March 2008 / Published: 28 March 2008
Full Paper: Antioxidant Activity of Diphenylpropionamide Derivatives: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Computational Analysis
Molecules 2008, 13, 749-761 (PDF format 212 K)

Open Access
Carina C. Crucho, Krasimira T. Petrova*, Rui C. Pinto, and Maria T. Barros*
REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química - FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; Fax: (+)351 212948550
Received: 5 March 2008; in revised form: 26 March 2008 / Accepted: 26 March 2008 / Published: 28 March 2008
Communication: Novel Unsaturated Sucrose Ethers and Their Application as Monomers
Molecules 2008, 13, 762-770 (PDF format 142 K)

Open Access
Corrigendum: Correction to Oz, H.S.; Ebersole, Jeffrey L. Application of Prodrugs to Inflammatory Diseases of the Gut. Molecules 2008, 13, 452-474
Received: 31 March 2008 / Accepted: 1 April 2008 / Published: 1 April 2008
Molecules 2008, 13, 771 (PDF format 18 K)

Open Access
Julia Bensemhoun 1, Isabelle Bombarda 1, Maurice Aknin 2, Robert Faure 1, Jean Vacelet 3 and Emile M. Gaydou 1,*
1 UMR CNRS 6263, Equipe Phytochimie, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Université Paul Cézanne, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Saint-Jérôme, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niémen, Case 461, Marseille cedex 20, France
2 Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, B.P. 7151, 97715, Saint-Denis, Cedex 9, Ile de la Réunion
3 Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 6540 DIMAR, Station Marine d’Endoume, 13007 Marseille, France
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-491288647; Fax: +33-491289324
Received: 6 February 2008; in revised form: 31 March 2008 / Accepted: 31 March 2008 / Published: 1 April 2008
Full Paper: Marine Bifunctional Sphingolipids from the Sponge Oceanapia ramsayi
Molecules 2008, 13, 772-778 (PDF format 160 K)

Open Access
Karima Ighilahriz 1, Baya Boutemeur 1, Fariza Chami 2, Cherifa Rabia 2, Maâmar Hamdi 1 and Safouane M. Hamdi 3,*
1 Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Appliquée (Equipe Hétérocycles Associée CRAPC). Faculté de Chimie. Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediène. BP 32, El-Alia. 16111
Bab-Ezzouar. Alger, Algeria
2 Laboratoire de Chimie du Gaz Naturel. Faculté de Chimie. Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediène. BP 32, El-Alia. 16111 Bab-Ezzouar. Alger, Algeria
3 Laboratoire de Biochimie-Purpan, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Toulouse 330, Avenue de Grande-Bretagne – F- 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel:+33 5 67 69 03 76; Fax:+33 5 67 69 03 77
Received: 6 February 2008; in revised form: 28 March 2008 / Accepted: 28 March 2008 / Published: 3 April 2008
Full Paper: A Microwave-Assisted and Heteropolyacids-Catalysed Cyclocondensation Reaction for the Synthesis of 4(3H)-Quinazolinones
Molecules 2008, 13, 779-789 (PDF format 160 K)

Open Access
Glauco Morales*, Adrián Paredes, Patricia Sierra and Luis A. Loyola
Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: 56-55-637812; Fax: 56-55-637457

Received: 31 January 2008; in revised form: 31 March 2008 / Accepted: 31 March 2008 / Published: 6 April 2008
Communication: Antimicrobial Activity of Three Baccharis Species Used in the Traditional Medicine of Northern Chile
Molecules 2008, 13, 790-794 (PDF format 41 K)

Open Access
Josip Mastelić 1,*, Olivera Politeo 2 and Igor Jerković 1
1 Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, N. Tesle 10/V, 21000 Split, Croatia; Fax: 00385 21 329 461; E-mail: [email protected]
2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, N. Tesle 10/V, 21000 Split, Croatia; Fax: 00385 21 329 461; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 6 March 2008; in revsed form: 3 April 2008 / Accepted: 3 April 2008 / Published: 7 April 2008
Full Paper: Contribution to the Analysis of the Essential Oil of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don. – Determination of Ester Bonded Acids and Phenols
Molecules 2008, 13, 795-803 (PDF format 195 K)

Open Access
Lotf A. Saghatforoush 1,*, Ali Aminkhani 2, Sohrab Ershad 3, Ghasem Karimnezhad 1, Shahriar Ghammamy 4 and Roya Kabiri 5
1 Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), Khoy, Iran
2 Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Khoy Branch, Khoy, Iran
3 Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), Marand, Iran
4 Department of Chemistry, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
5 Faculty of Chemistry, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 21 February 2008; in revised form: 2 April 2008 / Accepted: 6 April 2008 / Published: 8 April 2008
Full Paper: Preparation of Zinc (II) and Cadmium (II) Complexes of the Tetradentate Schiff Base Ligand 2-((E)-(2-(2-(pyridine-2-yl)-ethylthio)ethylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol (PytBrsalH)
Molecules 2008, 13, 804-811 (PDF format 772 K)

Open Access
Lakhdar Djarri 1, Kamel Medjroubi 1, Salah Akkal 1, Abdelhakim Elomri 2, Elisabeth Seguin 2, Marie-Laure Groult 3 and Philippe Vérité 4,*
1 Laboratoire Phytochimie et Analyses Physico-chimiques et Biologiques, Université Mentouri Constantine, Route de Aïn El Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria;
E-mail: [email protected]
2 Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UFR de Médecine et de Pharmacie UMR CNRS 6014, 22 Boulevard Gambetta F-76183 Rouen cedex 1, France; E-mail: [email protected]
3 Laboratoire de Botanique-Mycologie, UFR de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 22 Boulevard Gambetta F-76183 Rouen cedex 1, France; E-mail: [email protected]
4 Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, UFR de Médecine et de Pharmacie ADEN 3234, 22 Boulevard Gambetta F-76183 Rouen cedex 1, France
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 29 January 2008; in revised form: 27 March 2008 / Accepted: 27 March 2008 / Published: 8 April 2008
Full Paper: Variability of Two Essential Oils of Kundmannia sicula (L.) DC., A Traditional Algerian Medicinal Plant
Molecules 2008, 13, 812-817 (PDF format 45 K)

Open Access
Ibrahim Mustafa El-Deeb 1, Jae Chun Ryu 2 and So Ha Lee 1,2,*
1 Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejon, Korea; E-mail: [email protected]
2 Life Sciences Research Division, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: (+82) 2 9586834.
Received: 26 March 2008; in revised form: 8 April 2008 / Accepted: 8 April 2008 / Published: 9 April 2008
Full Paper: Synthesis of New N-Arylpyrimidin-2-amine Derivatives Using a Palladium Catalyst
Molecules 2008, 13, 818-830 (PDF format 127 K)

Open Access
María Sol Shmidt, Ana María Reverdito, Lautaro Kremenchuzky, Isabel Amalia Perillo* and María Mercedes Blanco
Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 (1113) Buenos Aires, República Argentina
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: [email protected]
Received: 11 March 2008; in revised form: 9 April 2008 / Accepted: 9 April 2008 / Published: 10 April 2008
Full Paper: Simple and Efficient Microwave Assisted N-Alkylation of Isatin
Molecules 2008, 13, 831-840 (PDF format 112 K)

Open Access
Lorena Blau 1, Renato Farina Menegon 1, Elizabeth Igne Ferreira 2, Antonio Gilberto Ferreira 3, Elisangela Fabiana Boffo 3, Leila Aley Tavares 3, Vladimir Constantino Gomes Heleno 3,4,* and Man-Chin Chung 1,*
1 Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, CP 502 – 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]
2 Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66083 – 05389-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; E-mail: [email protected]
3 Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CP 676 – 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
4 Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas – Universidade de Franca, CP 82 – 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail for V.C.G.H.: [email protected]; Phone: +55 16 37118871; Fax: +55 16 37118878; E-mail for M-C.C.: [email protected]; Phone: +55 16 33016962; Fax: +55 16 33016960.
Received: 12 March 2008; in revised form: 6 April 2008 / Accepted: 7 April 2008 / Published: 10 April 2008
Full Paper: Synthesis and Total 1H- and 13C-NMR Assignment of Cephem Derivatives for Use in ADEPT Approaches
Molecules 2008, 13 841-854 (PDF format 131 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)

Open Access
Zu-Ming Liu, Hong-Bo Wang, Xiao-Lei Zhu, Hai-Yang Tu * and Guang-Fu Yang

Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R.China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; http://klpcb.ccnu.edu.cn/
Received: 6 March 2008; in revised form: 7 April 2008 / Accepted: 12 April 2008 / Published: 12 April 2008
Full Paper: Blue Organic Light-emitting Supramolecular Microfibers: The Self-assembly of a 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine Derivative
Molecules 2008, 13, 855-863 (PDF format 210 K)

Open Access
Dong-wu Liu *, Zhi-wei Chen and Hong-zhi Xu
Analysis and Testing Center, Shandong University of Technology, 255049, Zibo, Shandong, P.R. China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 21 March 2008; in revised form: 6 April 2008 / Accepted: 7 April 2008 / Published: 15 April 2008
Full Paper: Effects of Leucine-enkephalin on Catalase Activity and Hydrogen Peroxide Levels in the Haemolymph of the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas)
Molecules 2008, 13, 864-870 (PDF format 165 K)

Open Access
Jinyi Yang 1, Hong Wang 1, Yueming Jiang 2, Yuanming Sun 1,*, Ke Pan 1, Hongtao Lei 1, Qing Wu 1, Yudong Shen 1, Zhili Xiao 1and Zhenlin Xu 1
1 College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
2 South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China; Email: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 27 March 2008; in revised form: 14 April 2008 / Accepted: 14 April 2008 / Published: 17 April 2008
Full Paper: Development of an Enzyme-linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) Method for Carbofuran Residues
Molecules 2008, 13, 871-881 (PDF format 142 K)

Open Access
Alejandro Urzúa *, Marcos C. Rezende, Carolina Mascayano and Loretta Vásquez
Facultad de Química y Biología, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: +56-2-7181155; Fax: +56-2-6812108
Received: 28 March 2008; in revised form: 16 April 2008 / Accepted: 17 April 2008 / Published: 17 April 2008
Full Paper: A Structure-Activity Study of Antibacterial Diterpenoids
Molecules 2008, 13, 882-891 (PDF format 574 K)

Open Access
Vassilis E. Kouloulias 1,* and John R. Kouvaris 2
1 Kapodistrian University, 2nd Radiology Department, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Rimini 1, Xaidari, Greece
2 Aretaieion University Hospital, 1st Radiology Department, Radiotherapy Unit, Athens, Greece.
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: +302105326418
Received: 1 February 2008; in revised form: 16 April 2008 / Accepted: 16 April 2008 / Published: 18 April 2008
Review: Cytoprotective Efficacy of Amifostine Against Radiation-Induced Rectal Toxicity: Objective and Subjective Grading Scales for Radiomucositis
Molecules 2008, 13, 892-903 (PDF format 103 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)

Open Access
Supaluk Prachayasittikul 1,*, Prasit Buraparuangsang 1, Apilak Worachartcheewan 2, Chartchalerm Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya 2, Somsak Ruchirawat 3 and Virapong Prachayasittikul 2,*
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
2 Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
3 Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Vipavadee Rangsit Highway, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; S. Prachayasittikul: E-mail: [email protected]; Tel. 662-664-1000 ext. 8209, Fax 662-259-2097; V. Prachayasittikul: E-mail: [email protected]; Tel. 662-418-0227, Fax 662-412-4110
Received: 1 April 2008; in revised form: 17 April 2008 / Accepted: 17 April 2008 / Published: 18 April 2008
Full Paper: Antimicrobial and Antioxidative Activities of Bioactive Constituents from Hydnophytum formicarum Jack.
Molecules 2008, 13, 904-921 (PDF format 201 K)

Open Access
Feng Wang, Ruogu Peng and Yaowu Sha*
The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 6 April 2008; in revised form: 17 April 2008 / Accepted: 18 April 2008 / Published: 19 April 2008
Full Paper: Selective Dendritic Fluorescent Sensors for Zn(II)
Molecules 2008, 13, 922-930 (PDF format 128 K)

Open Access
Yun-Song Wang 1,2, Hong-Pin He 2, Jing-Hua Yang 1, Ying-Tong Di 2 and Xiao-Jiang Hao 2,*
1 Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China; E-mails: [email protected] (Yun-Song Wang); [email protected] (Jing-Hua Yang)
2 State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, P. R. China; E-mails: [email protected] (Hong-Pin He), [email protected] (Ying-Tong Di)
* Author to whom correspondence may be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: +86-871-5223263/ Fax: 86-871-5219684
Received: 19 January 2008; in revised form: 17 April 2008 / Accepted: 17 April 2008 / Published: 19 April 2008
Full Paper: New Monoterpenoid Coumarins from Clausena anisum-olens
Molecules 2008, 13, 931-937 (PDF format 100 K)

Open Access
Kejun Cheng, Gaolin Liang and Changqi Hu *
Department of Chemistry of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China; E-mails: [email protected] (for K. C.), [email protected] (for G. L.)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Tel: (+86)-21-54237564; Fax: (+86)-21-64183411; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 13 March 2008; in revised form: 4 April 2008 / Accepted: 4 April 2008 / Published: 19 April 2008
Communication: Acid-catalyzed Epimerization of Kobophenol A to Carasinol B
Molecules 2008, 13, 938-942 (PDF format 173 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Heterocycles)

Open Access
Nan Bai, Yaowu Sha* and Ge Meng
The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 6 April 2008; in revised form: 17 April 2008 / Accepted: 17 April 2008 / Published: 21 April 2008
Communication: Efficient and Eco-Friendly Preparation of 4-Methyl-5-formyl-thiazole
Molecules 2008, 13, 943-947 (PDF format 123 K)

Open Access
Qingyong Tian, Daxin Shi and Yaowu Sha *
The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 6 April 2008; in revised form: 17 April 2008 / Accepted: 17 April 2008 / Published: 21 April 2008
Full Paper: CuO and Ag2O/CuO Catalyzed Oxidation of Aldehydes to the Corresponding Carboxylic Acids by Molecular Oxygen
Molecules 2008, 13, 948-957 (PDF format 686 K)

Open Access
Rajiv Dahiya*, Anil Kumar and Rakesh Yadav
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura-281001 (UP), India
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Tel.: +91-9897417450; +91-565-6531680; E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
Received: 3 April 2008; in revised form: 18 April 2008 / Accepted: 19 April 2008 / Published: 24 April 2008
Full Paper: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Peptide Derivatives of Iodoquinazolinones/Nitroimidazoles
Molecules 2008, 13, 958-976 (PDF format 264 K)

Open Access
Guillermo Negrón-Silva 1,*, C. Xochitl Hernández-Reyes 1, Deyanira Angeles-Beltrán 1, Leticia Lomas-Romero 2 and Eduardo González-Zamora 2
1 Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, UAM, Av. San Pablo No 180, C.P. 02200, México D. F., México; E-mails: C. X. Hernández-Reyes: [email protected]; D. Angeles-Beltrán: [email protected]
2 Departamento de Química, UAM, Av. San Pablo No 180, C.P. 02200, México D. F., México; Emails: L. Lomas-Romero: [email protected]; E. González Zamora: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 8 April 2008; in revised form: 24 April 2008 / Accepted: 24 April 2008 / Published: 26 April 2008
Full Paper: Microwave-Enhanced Sulphated Zirconia and SZ/MCM-41 Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of β-Amino Alcohols Under Solvent-Free Conditions
Molecules 2008, 13, 977-985 (PDF format 285 K)

Open Access
George A. Kraus 1,*, Insik Jeon 1, Marit Nilsen-Hamilton 2, Ahmed M. Awad 2, Jayeeta Banerjee 2 and Bahram Parvin 3
1 Iowa State University Department of Chemistry, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Tel. +1 515-294-7794; Fax: +1 515-294-0105
2 Iowa State University Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Tel. +1 515-9996; Fax: +1 515-294-0453
3 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Department of Cancer Biology, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Tel. +1 510-486-6203; Fax: +1 510-486-6363
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 21 March 2008; in revised form: 22 April 2008 / Accepted: 22 April 2008 / Published: 27 April 2008
Full Paper: Fluorinated Analogs of Malachite Green: Synthesis and Toxicity
Molecules 2008, 13, 986-994 (PDF format 286 K)

Open Access
Manfred Braun 1,*, Anahita Hessamian-Alinejad 1, Boris Féaux de Lacroix 1, Birte Hernandez Alvarez 2 and Gunter Fischer 2
1 Department of Chemistry, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
2 Max-Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120 Halle, Germany
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 3 April 2008; in revised form: 22 April 2008 / Accepted: 23 April 2008 / Published: 29 April 2008
Full Paper: Novel Spiroannulated 3-Benzofuranones. Synthesis and Inhibition of the Human Peptidyl Prolyl cis/trans Isomerase Pin1
Molecules 2008, 13, 995-1003 (PDF format 59 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Spiro Compounds. Guest Editor: Dr. Guy Plourde)

Open Access
Julien Paolini *, Jean-Marie Desjobert, Alain Muselli and Jean Costa
Université de Corse, UMR-CNRS 6134, Laboratoire de Chimie des Produits Naturels, BP 52, 20250 Corti, France
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: +33 04 95 45 01 93
Received: 31 March 2008; in revised form: 28 April 2008 / Accepted: 28 April 2008 / Published: 29 April 2008
Full Paper: Spectral Data of Two New Asymmetric Sesquiterpene Alcohols: (14R)-β-Oplopenol and (14S)-β-Oplopenol
Molecules 2008, 13, 1004-1010 (PDF format 105 K)

Open Access
Nada M. Abunada 1,*, Hamdi M. Hassaneen 2, Nadia G. Kandile 3 and Omar A. Miqdad 1
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Al-Aqsa University, 76888 Gaza, Palestine; E-mail: [email protected] (O. A. Miqdad)
2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt; E-mail: [email protected] (H. M. Hassaneen)
3 Department of Chemistry, University College for Women, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt; E-mail: [email protected] (N. G. Kandile)
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected].
Received: 8 April 2008; in revised form: 22 April 2008 / Accepted: 22 April 2008 / Published: 29 April 2008
Full Paper: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some New Pyrazoline and Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-4,6-dione Derivatives: Reaction of Nitrilimines with Some Dipolarophiles
Molecules 2008, 131011-1024 (PDF format 161 K)
   
Issue 5 (May 2008) pages 1025-1218

Editorial: Changes Coming to MDPI Journals: Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and Creative Commons Attribution License

Open Access
Aleš Mráček 1,*, Júlia Varhaníková 1, Marián Lehocký 2, Lenka Gřundělová 1, Alena Pokopcová 1 and Vladimír Velebný 3
1 Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Nad Stráněmi 4511, 76005 Zlín, Czech Republic; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
2 Medical Materials Research Centre, Technology park, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Nad Ovcirnou III 3685, Zlín, 76001 Czech Republic; E-mail: [email protected]
3 CPN Ltd., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: +420576035141; Tel: +420576035102
Received: 28 February 2008; in revised form: 17 April 2008 / Accepted: 30 April 2008 / Published: 1 May 2008
Article: The Influence of Hofmeister Series Ions on Hyaluronan Swelling and Viscosity
Molecules 2008, 13, 1025-1034 (PDF format 489 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13051025
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Polysaccharides. Guest Editor: Dr. Shao-ping Li, E-mail: [email protected])

Open Access
Barbara Pavan 1,*, Alessandro Dalpiaz 2, Nunzia Ciliberti 2, Carla Biondi 1, Stefano Manfredini 2 and Silvia Vertuani 2
1 University of Ferrara, Department of Biology, General Physiology Section, via L. Borsari 46, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
2 University of Ferrara, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0532-455476; Fax: +39-0532-207143
Received: 1 February 2008; in revised form: 1 April 2008 / Accepted: 30 April 2008 / Published: 1 May 2008
Review: Progress in Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System by the Prodrug Approach
Molecules 2008, 13, 1035-1065 (PDF format 225 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13051035
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)

Open Access
Elham S. Darwish
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cairo, Giza, 12613, Egypt; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 3 April 2008; in revised form: 24 April 2008 / Accepted: 24 April 2008 / Published: 1 May 2008
Article: Facile Synthesis of Heterocycles via 2-Picolinium Bromide and Antimicrobial Activities of the Products
Molecules 2008, 13, 1066-1078 (PDF format 132 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13051066

Open Access
Derek McPhee and Shu-Kun Lin
Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI), Matthaeusstrasse 11, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland; Fax: +41 61 302 8918; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]
Received: 1 May 2008 / Published: 2 May 2008
Editorial: Changes Coming to MDPI Journals: Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and Creative Commons Attribution License
Molecules 2008, 13, 1079-1080 (PDF format 21 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13051079

Open Access
Marcel Holzer 1, Sigrid Ziegler 1, Beatrice Albrecht 1, Bernd Kronenberger 1, Artur Kaul 2, Ralf Bartenschlager 2, Lars Kattner 3, Christian D. Klein 1 and Rolf W. Hartmann 1,*
1 Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, PO Box 151150, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
2 Department of Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
3 Endotherm GmbH, Science-Park II, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 26 March 2008; in revised form: 2 May 2008 / Accepted: 7 May 2008 / Published: 7 May 2008
Article: Identification of Terfenadine as an Inhibitor of Human CD81-Receptor HCV-E2 Interaction: Synthesis and Structure Optimization
Molecules 2008, 13, 1081-1110 (PDF format 183 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13051081

Open Access
Jiabo Li and Yaowu Sha*
The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 29 April 2008; in revised form: 5 May 2008 / Accepted: 6 May 2008 / Published: 8 May 2008
Communication: A Convenient Synthesis of Amino Acid Methyl Esters
Molecules 2008, 13, 1111-1119 (PDF format 145 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13051111

Open Access
Isidro S. Marcos 1,*, Almudena Conde 1, Rosalina F. Moro 1, Pilar Basabe 1, David Díez 1, Faustino Mollinedo 2,3 and Julio G. Urones 1
1 Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
2 Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
3 APOINTECH, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail:[email protected]
Received: 28 April 2008; in revised form: 7 May 2008 / Accepted: 7 May 2008 / Published: 9 May 2008
Article: Synthesis of an ent-Halimanolide from ent-Halimic Acid
Molecules 2008, 13, 1120-1134 (PDF format 88 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13051120

Open Access
Alper Aytekin * and Aynur Ozkul Acikgoz
Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Bartin Forestry Faculty, 74100 – Bartin, Turkey
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 4 April 2008; in revised form: 17 April 2008 / Accepted: 9 May 2008 / Published: 13 May 2008
Article:
Hormone and Microorganism Treatments in the Cultivation of Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) Plants
Molecules 2008, 13, 1135-1147 (PDF format 297 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13051135

Open Access
Min Chen 1,*, Zhihua Liao 2, Xiumei Xu 2,3, Yan Wen 2, Min Sun 2, Haoxiang Zhang 2 and Wenhui Ma 4
1 School of Pharmacy, Three Gorges Reservoir Region Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
2 School of Life Sciences, Three Gorges Reservoir Region Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China; E-mails: [email protected] (Liao); [email protected] (Xu); [email protected] (Wen); [email protected] (Sun); [email protected] (Zhang)
3 School of Life Sciences, Linyi Normal University, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276005, P.R. China
4 Department of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 571158, P.R. China; E-mail: [email protected]
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Phone: (+86) 2368251225; Fax: (+86) 68251225.
Received: 9 April 2008; / in revised form: 5 May 2008 / Accepted: 5 May 2008 / Published: 13 May 2008
Article: Neglschisandrins C-D: Two New Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans from Schisandra neglecta
Molecules 2008, 13, 1148-1155 (PDF format 207 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13051148

Open Access
Marinella G. Sandros 1,3, Chady B. Sarraf 4,5 and Maryam Tabrizian 1,2,3,*
1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A2B4
2 Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2B2
3 Center for Biorecognition and Biosensors, McGill Institute for Advanced Materials, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A2B4
4 Department of Medical Education, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
5 St. Michael’s Medical Center, 111 Central Avenue, Newark, NJ 070102, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 5 February 2008; in revised form: 14 May 2008 / Accepted: 14 May 2008 / Published: 14 May2008
Review: Prodrugs in Cardiovascular Therapy
Molecules 2008, 13, 1156-1178 (PDF format 423 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13051156
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)

Open Access
Yan-Hui Yang 1, Qing-He Wang 1, Han Nie 1, Hong Chen 2 and Mao-Sheng Cheng 1,*
1 Key Lab of New Drug Design and Discovery of Liaoning Province, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected], [email protected].
2 Staff Room of Pharmacognosy, Medical College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, P. R. China; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 3 May 2008; in revised form: 19 May 2008 / Accepted: 19 May 2008 / Published: 20 May 2008
Article: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Modeling of Dimeric PPI Analogues as Novel DNA Minor Groove Binders
Molecules 2008, 13, 1179-1188 (PDF format 285 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13051179

Open Access
Guang-Yan Tang, Xue-Juan Li and Hong-Yu Zhang *
School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 9 May 2008; in revised form: 22 May 2008 / Accepted: 22 May 2008 / Published: 23 May 2008
Communication: Antidiabetic Components Contained in Vegetables and Legumes
Molecules 2008, 13, 1189-1194 (PDF format 86 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13051189

Open Access
Maria Iuliana Gruia 1, Eliza Oprea 2, Ion Gruia 3, Valentina Negoita 1 and Ileana Cornelia Farcasanu 2,*
1 Institute of Oncology Bucharest, 252 Fundeni, 022338, Bucharest, Romania
2 University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta, 030018, Bucharest, Romania
3 University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, MG-11 Magurele, 077125, Bucharest, Romania
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 9 April 2008; in revised form: 21 May 2008 / Accepted: 21 May 2008 / Published: 27 May 2008
Article: The Antioxidant Response Induced by Lonicera caerulaea Berry Extracts in Animals Bearing Experimental Solid Tumors
Molecules 2008, 13, 1195-1206 (PDF format 80 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13051195

Open Access
Vincent Gloaguen 1,*, Pierre Krausz 1, Véronique Brudieux 1,2, Brigitte Closs 2, Yves Leroy 3 and Yann Guerardel 3
1 Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (UPRES-EA 1069), Université de Limoges, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 123 rue A. Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
2 R&D Department, SILAB, ZI de la Nau, 19240 Saint-Viance, France
3 Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale, UMR-CNRS 8576, Université de Lille, F-59655, France
* Author to whom correspondance should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: +33 555457481.
Received: 13 March 2008; in revised form: 19 May 2008 / Accepted: 19 May 2008 / Published: 27 May 2008
Article: Structural Patterns of Rhamnogalacturonans Modulating Hsp-27 Expression in Cultured Human Keratinocytes
Molecules 2008, 13, 1207-1218 (PDF format 98 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13051207
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Polysaccharides. Guest Editor: Dr. Shao-ping Li, E-mail: [email protected])
 
 Issue 6 (June 2008) pages 1219-1440

Open Access
Simona De Marino 1, Fulvio Gala
1, Franco Zollo 1, Sara Vitalini 2, Gelsomina Fico 2, Francesco Visioli 3 and Maria Iorizzi 4,*
1 Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”,Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy; E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
2 Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy; Email: [email protected], [email protected]
3 UMR7079,UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France; E-mail: [email protected]
4 Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie per l’Ambiente e il Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, I-86090 Pesche (Isernia), Italy
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +39 0874 404100; Fax: +39 0874 404123.
Received: 6 May 2008 / Accepted: 29 May 2008 / Published: 1 June 2008
Article: Identification of Minor Secondary Metabolites from the Latex of Croton lechleri (Muell-Arg) and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity
Molecules 2008, 13, 1219-1229 (PDF format 126 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061219

Open Access
Francesco P. Ballistreri *, Ugo Chiacchio, Antonio Rescifina*, Gaetano Tomaselli and Rosa M. Toscano
Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mails: [email protected] (Francesco Ballistreri) and [email protected] (Antonio Rescifina)
Received: 29 April 2008; in revised form: 12 May 2008 / Accepted: 15 May 2008 / Published: 1 June 2008
Article: Conversion of Oximes to Carbonyl Compounds by Triscetylpyridinium Tetrakis(oxodiperoxotungsto) Phosphate (PCWP)-mediated Oxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide
Molecules 2008, 13, 1230-1237 (PDF format 53 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061230

Open Access
Felix Adje 1,3,4,5, Yves F. Lozano 1,*, Emmanuelle Meudec 2, Paul Lozano 1, Augustin Adima 3, Georges Agbo N’zi 4 and Emile M. Gaydou 5
1 CIRAD, UMR GPEB Génie des Procédés – Eau, Bioproduits, TA 40/16, 73 avenue J.F. Breton, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
2 INRA, UMR SPO Sciences pour l'Oenologie, Plateforme Polyphénols, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France
3 INP-HB Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Laboratoire de Procédés Industriels, de Synthèse et de l’Environnement (LAPISEN), Unité Chimie de l'Eau et des Substances Naturelles, BP 1313 Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast
4 Université d'Abidjan-Cocody, UFR Biosciences, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Sciences des Aliments, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Ivory Coast
5 UMR CNRS 6263, Equipe AD2M (Phytochimie), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Université Paul Cézanne, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Saint-Jérôme, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niémen, Case 461, Marseille cedex 20, France
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-467614447; Fax: +33-467616537
Received: 5 May 2008; in revised form: 29 May 2008 / Accepted: 29 May 2008 / Published: 1 June 2008
Article: Anthocyanin Characterization of Pilot Plant Water Extracts of Delonix regia Flowers
Molecules 2008, 13, 1238-1245 (PDF format 176 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061238

Open Access
Grazia Cottone 1, Rosina Noto 2 and Gianfranco La Manna 3,*
1 Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche ed Astronomiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, I-90123 Palermo and CNISM, Italy; E-mail: [email protected]
2 IBF Sezione di Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy; E-mail: [email protected]
3 Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica "F. Accascina", Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel. +39 091 6459851; Fax: +39 091 590015
Received: 25 April 2008; in revised form: 26 May 2008 / Accepted: 28 May 2008 / Published: 3 June 2008
Article: Density Functional Theory Study of the Trans-Trans-Cis (TTC)→Trans-Trans-Trans (TTT) Isomerization of a Photochromic Spiropyran Merocyanine
Molecules 2008, 13, 1246-1252 (PDF format 178 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061246
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Spiro Compounds. Guest Editor: Dr. Guy Plourde)

Open Access
Joel Campos De-Paula 1,2, Ludmila Bomeny Bueno 3, Diana Negrão Cavalcanti 4, Yocie Yoneshigue-Valentin 5 and Valéria Laneuville Teixeira 4,*
1 Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil; E-mail: [email protected]
2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil
3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; E-mail: [email protected]
4 Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, CP 100. 644, Niterói, RJ, 24001-970, Brazil; E-mail: [email protected]
5 Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 30 April 2008; in revised form: 2 June 2008 / Accepted: 3 June 2008 / Published: 4 June 2008
Article: Diterpenes from the Brown Alga Dictyota crenulata
Molecules 2008, 13, 1253-1262 (PDF format 316 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061253

Open Access
Hossein Tajik 1, Mehran Moradi 1,*, Seyed Mehdi Razavi Rohani 1, Amir Mehdi Erfani 2 and Farnood Shokouhi Sabet Jalali 3
1 Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, 1177, Urmia, Iran
2 General Office of Veterinary, 45169-43374, Zanjan, Iran
3 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, 1177, Urmia, Iran
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +98- 441 2972512; Fax: +98-441 2771926
Received: 24 April 2008; in revised form: 8 May 2008 / Accepted: 9 May 2008 / Published: 6 June 2008
Article: Preparation of Chitosan from Brine Shrimp (Artemia urmiana) Cyst Shells and Effects of Different Chemical Processing Sequences on the Physicochemical and Functional Properties of the Product
Molecules 2008, 13, 1263-1274 (PDF format 147 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061263
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Polysaccharides. Guest Editor: Dr. Shao-ping Li, E-mail: [email protected])

Open Access
Yan Qiu * and Xiu Min Wang
Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China; E-mail: [email protected].
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: (+86) 592-2188681; Fax: (+86) 592-2188676
Received: 23 May 2008; in revised form: 5 June 2008 / Accepted: 5 June 2008 / Published: 6 June 2008
Communication: A New Sesquiterpenoid Hydroquinone from the Marine Sponge Dysidea arenaria
Molecules 2008, 13, 1275-1281 (PDF format 134 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061275

Open Access
Rabih O. Al-Kaysi 1,*, Iluminada Gallardo 2 and Gonzalo Guirado 2,*
1 Department of Basic Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences-National
Guard Health Affairs. Building Mail Code 3124. Riyadh 11423. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Phone: (966)-5-61429528
2 Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Phone: (+) 00 34 93 581 48 82; Fax: (+) 00 34 93 581 29 20
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mails: [email protected], [email protected]
Received: 15 May 2008; in revised form: 6 June 2008 / Accepted: 6 June 2008 / Published: 9 June 2008
Review: Stable Spirocyclic Meisenheimer Complexes
Molecules 2008, 13, 1282-1302 (PDF format 168 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061282
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Spiro Compounds. Guest Editor: Dr. Guy Plourde)

Open Access
Luis R. Domingo, Salvador Gil, Margarita Parra* and José Segura
Department of Organic Chemistry, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Fax +34(9)63543831; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 29 May 2008; in revoised form: 5 June 2008 / Accepted: 6 June 2008 / Published: 9 June 2008
Communication: Unusual Regioselectivity in the Opening of Epoxides by Carboxylic Acid Enediolates
Molecules 2008, 13, 1303-1311 (PDF format 140 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061303

Open Access
Anna Caruso 1,2, Anne Sophie Voisin-Chiret 1, Jean-Charles Lancelot 1, Maria Stefania Sinicropi 2, Antonio Garofalo 2 and Sylvain Rault 1,*
1 Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, UPRES EA-4258 FR CNRS INC3M, 5, rue
Vaubénard, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
2 Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: +33 (0)2 31 93 64 58; Fax: +33 (0)2 31 93 11 88
Received: 3 June 2008; in revised form: 10 June 2008 / Accepted: 10 June 2008 / Published: 11 June 2008
Article: Efficient and Simple Synthesis of 6-Aryl-1,4-dimethyl-9H-carbazoles
Molecules 2008, 13, 1312-1320 (PDF format 64 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061312

Open Access
Joana S. Amaral 1,2,*, Patrícia Valentão 1, Paula B. Andrade 1, Rui C. Martins 3 and Rosa M. Seabra 1
1 REQUIMTE, Serviço de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal; E-mails: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]
2 Escola Superior de Tecnologia e de Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Quinta de Sta. Apolónia, Apartado 134, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal
3 Centre for Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 7 May 2008; in revised form: 7 June 2008 / Accepted: 8 June 2008 / Published: 12 June 2008
Article: Do Cultivar, Geographical Location and Crop Season Influence Phenolic Profile of Walnut Leaves?
Molecules 2008, 13, 1321-1332 (PDF format 147 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061321

Open Access
Yu Qiao, Bi Jun Xie, Yan Zhang, Yun Zhang, Gang Fan, Xiao Lin Yao and Si Yi Pan *
College of Food Science and Technologhy, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizhishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, P. R. China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 20 April 2008; in revised form: 19 May 2008 / Accepted: 19 May 2008 / Published: 12 June 2008
Article: Characterization of Aroma Active Compounds in Fruit Juice and Peel Oil of Jinchen Sweet Orange Fruit (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) by GC-MS and GC-O
Molecules 2008, 13, 1333-1344 (PDF format 241 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061333

Open Access
Steven C. Farmer* and Seth H. Berg
Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, 1801 East Cotati Avenue, Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Phone: +1-(707) 664-3728
Received: 1 June 2008; in revised form: 10 June 2008 / Accepted: 10 June 2008 / Publshed: 12 June 2008
Article: Ring Contracting Sulfur Extrusion from Oxidized Phenothiazine Ring Systems
Molecules 2008, 13, 1345-1352 (PDF format 92 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061345

Open Access
Zu-Ming Liu, Qiong Chen, Chao-Nan Chen, Hai-Yang Tu * and Guang-Fu Yang
Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China; http://klpcb.ccnu.edu.cn/
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 6 May 2008; in revised form: 26 May 2008 / Accepted: 26 May 2008 / Published: 13 June 2008
Article: Syntheses of Diheterocyclic Compounds Based on 2-Thioacetohydrazide-5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine
Molecules 2008, 13, 1353-1360 (PDF format 92 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061353

Open Access
Shou-Fang Wu 1, Pei-Wen Hsieh 1,2, Chin-Chung Wu 1,2, Chia-Lin Lee 1, Shu-Li Chen 1, Chi-Yu Lu 2,3, Tian-Shung Wu 4, Fang-Rong Chang 1,2,* and Yang-Chang Wu 1,2,*
1 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; E-mails: [email protected] (S.F. Wu), [email protected] (P.W. Hsieh), [email protected] (Y.C. Wu)
2 Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
3 Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; E-mail:[email protected] (C.Y. Lu)
4 Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; E-mail: [email protected]
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. TEL: +886-7-312-1101 ext. 2197. Fax: +886-7-311-4773. E-mails: [email protected] or [email protected] (F.R. Chang)
Received: 9 May 2008; in revised form: 3 June 2008 / Accepted: 3 June 2008 / Published: 16 June 2008
Article: Camptothecinoids from the seeds of Taiwanese Nothapodytes foetida
Molecules 2008, 13, 1361-1371 (PDF format 295 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061361

Open Access
Tim S. Bugni, Mary Kay Harper, Malcolm W.B. McCulloch, Jason Reppart and Chris M. Ireland *
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S. 2000 E. RM 307, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; [email protected] Tel.: +1 (801) 581-8305; Fax: +1 (801) 585-6208
Received: 3 June 2008; in revised form: 18 June 2008 / Accepted: 18 June 2008 / Published: 19 June 2008
Article: Fractionated Marine Invertebrate Extract Libraries for Drug Discovery
Molecules 2008, 13, 1372-1383 (PDF format 284 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061372
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Natural Product Pre-fractionation. Guest Editor: Dr. John A. Beutler)

Open Access
Giuseppina Tommonaro*, Annarita Poli, Salvatore De Rosa and Barbara Nicolaus
Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Via Campi Flegrei, 34 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy; E-mails: [email protected] (A. Poli);
[email protected] (S. De Rosa); [email protected] (B. Nicolaus)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail:
[email protected]; Phone: +39-81-8675104; Fax: +39-81-8041770
Received: 30 May 2008; in revised form: 17 June 2008 / Accepted: 17 June 2008 / Published: 19 June 2008
Review: Tomato Derived Polysaccharides for Biotechnological Application: Chemical and Biological Approaches
Molecules 2008, 13, 1384-1398 (PDF format 412 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061384
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Polysaccharides. Guest Editor: Dr. Shao-ping Li, E-mail: [email protected])

Open Access
Xiu Min Wang 1, Chun Peng Wan 1,2, Shou Ran Zhou 2 and Yan Qiu 1,*
1 Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People′s Republic of China; E-mail: [email protected].
2 Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, People′s Republic of China; E-mail: [email protected] (Wan). E-mail: [email protected] (Zhou).
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: (+86) 592-2188681; Fax: (+86) 592-2188676
Received: 4 June 2008; in revised form:17 June 2008 / Accepted: 17 June 2008 / Published: 19 June 2008
Communication: Two New Flavonol Glycosides from Sarcopyramis bodinieri var. delicate
Molecules 2008, 13, 1399-1405 (PDF format 152 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061399

Open Access
Melissa M. Wagenaar
Natural Products Discovery Research, Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 30 May 2008 / Accepted: 16 June 2008 / Published: 20 June 2008
Article: Pre-fractionated Microbial Samples – The Second Generation Natural Products Library at Wyeth
Molecules 2008, 13, 1406-1426 (PDF format 487 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061406
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Natural Product Pre-fractionation. Guest Editor: Dr. John A. Beutler)

Open Access
Jin-Ling Lv 1, Rui Wang 1, Dan Liu 1, Gang Guo 1, Yong-Kui Jing 2 and Lin-Xiang Zhao 1,*
1 Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P.R. China; E-mails: [email protected] (Guo)
2 Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: (+86)24-23986420; Fax: (+86)24-23986420.
Received: 5 June 2008; in revised form: 22 June 2008 / Accepted: 23 June 2008 / Published: 24 June 2008
Article: Design, Synthesis, and Antitumor Activities of Some Novel Substituted 1,2,3-Benzotriazines
Molecules 2008, 13, 1427-1440 (PDF format 487 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061427
 
 Issue 7 (July 2008) pages 1441-1529

Open Access
Yasuhiro Tsume 1, Balvinder S. Vig 2, Jing Sun 3, Christopher P. Landowski 4, John M. Hilfinger 5, Chandrasekharan Ramachandran 1 and Gordon L. Amidon 1,*
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]
2 Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, NJ 08502; E-mail: [email protected]
3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; Email: [email protected]
4 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; E-mail: [email protected]
5 TSRL, Inc. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, USA; Email: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Phone: +1-734-764-2440; Fax: +1-734-763-6423.
Received: 12 June 2008 / Accepted: 27 June 2008 / Published: 28 June 2008
Article: Enhanced Absorption and Growth Inhibition with Amino Acid Monoester Prodrugs of Floxuridine by Targeting hPEPT1 Transporters
Molecules 2008, 13, 1441-1454 (PDF format 132 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13071441
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on 5-Fluorouracil. Guest Editor: Dr. Francesco Puoci)

Open Access
Neda Mimica-Dukic 1,*, Natasa Simin 1, Jelena Cvejic 2, Emilija Jovin 1, Dejan Orcic 1 and Biljana Bozin 2
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Trg D. Obradovica 3, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia. E-mails: [email protected], [email protected]
2 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hajduk Veljkova 3, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia. E-mails: [email protected], [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +38121- 4852757; Fax: +38121-454650
Received: 12 June 2008; in revised form: 01 July 2008 / Accepted: 15 July 2008 / Published: 15 July 2008
Article:
Phenolic Compounds in Field Horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) as Natural Antioxidants
Molecules 2008, 131455-1464 (PDF format 292 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13071455
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Phenolics and Polyphenolics. Guest Editors: Dr. José Alberto Pereira and Dr. Paula Andrade)
 
Open Access
Ernesto Fattorusso, Adriana Romano, Fernando Scala and Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati *
Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel. +39-081678509; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 25 June 2008 / Accepted: 16 July 2008 / Published: 17 July 2008
Article: Simplexidine, a 4-Alkylpyridinium Alkaloid from the Caribbean Sponge Plakortis simplex
Molecules 2008, 131465-1471 (PDF format 206 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13071465
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Alkaloids. Guest Editors: Prof. Dr. Patricia Valentao and Prof. Dr. Mariana Sottomayor)

Open Access
Yu Sha, Mao-Cai Yan, Jiao Liu, Yang Liu and Mao-Sheng Cheng *
Key Lab of New Drug Design and Discovery of Liaoning Province, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
E-mails: [email protected] (Y. S.); [email protected] (M.-C. Y.); [email protected] (Y. L.); [email protected] (Y. L.)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-Mail: [email protected]
Received: 16 June 2008; in revised form: 18 July 2008 / Accepted: 18 July 2008 / Published: 22 July 2008
Article: Facile Synthesis of Oleanolic Acid Monoglycosides and Diglycosides
Molecules 2008, 131472-1486 (PDF format 301 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13071472
 
Open Access
Gang Guo 1, Gang Li 1, Dan Liu 1, Qian-Jiao Yang 1, Yu Liu 1, Yong-Kui Jing 2 and Lin-Xiang Zhao 1,*
1 Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China; E-mails: [email protected](Guo); [email protected] (Li); [email protected](Liu); [email protected] (Yang); [email protected] (Liu)
2 Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: (+86)24-23986420; Fax: (+86)24-23986420.
Received: 20 June 2008; in revised form: 15 July 2008 / Accepted: 15 July 2008 / Published: 23 July 2008
Article: Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activities of 5-Azacytidine Analogues in Human Leukemia Cells
Molecules 2008, 131487-1500 (PDF format 279 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13071487

Open Access
Nada M. Abunada 1,*, Hamdi M. Hassaneen 2, Nadia G. Kandile 3 and Omar A. Miqdad 1
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Al-Aqsa University, 76888 Gaza, Palestine; E-mail: [email protected] (O. A. Miqdad)
2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt; E-mail: [email protected] (H. M. Hassaneen)
3 Department of Chemistry, University College for Women, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt; E-mail: [email protected] (N. G. Kandile)
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 4 May 2008; in revised form: 21 July 2008 / Accepted: 22 July 2008 / Published: 29 July 2008
Article: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Pyrazole, Fused Pyrazolo[3,4-d]-pyrimidine and Pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine Derivatives
Molecules 2008, 131501-1517 (PDF format 335 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13071501
 
Open Access
Alexandra CH F Sawaya 1,2,*, Ilka Nacif Abreu 3,4, Nathalia Luiza Andreazza 3, Marcos N. Eberlin 1 and Paulo Mazzafera 3
1 ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
2 Bandeirante University of São Paulo, UNIBAN, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
3 Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
4 Umeå Plant Science Centre – Umeå – Sweden
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: [email protected]; UNIBAN,Rua Maria Cândida 1813, Vila Guilheme, São Paulo, CEP 02071-013, SP, Brazil, Phone: +55-11-2967-9147; Fax: +55-11-4412-5871.
Received: 28 May 2008; in revised form: 22 June 2008 / Accepted: 18 July 2008 / Published: 30 July 2008
Article:
HPLC-ESI-MS/MS of Imidazole Alkaloids in Pilocarpus microphyllus
Molecules 2008, 13, 1518-1529 (PDF format 323 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13071518
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Alkaloids. Guest Editors: Prof. Dr. Patricia Valentao and Prof. Dr. Mariana Sottomayor) 
 
Issue 8 (August 2008) pages 1530-2038
 
Open Access
Xiang Li 1, , Zhi Liu 2, Xin-feng Zhang 3, Li-juan Wang 1, Yi-nan Zheng 1, Chang-chun Yuan 2 and Guang-zhi Sun 2,*
1 College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
2 Institute of Agricultural Modernization, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]
3 College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, P.R. China; E-mail: [email protected]
 Present address: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Center, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N_0X2, Canada.
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-431-8451-0949, Fax: +86-431-8451-0409
Received: 2 July 2008; in revised form: 31July 2008 / Accepted: 31 July 2008 / Published: 3 August 2008
Article: Isolation and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from the Leaves of Salix matsudana
Molecules 2008, 13, 1530-1537 (PDF format 195 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081530

Open Access
Wei-Ting Hung
1, Shwu-Huey Wang 2, Chung-Hsuan Chen 1 and Wen-Bin Yang 1,*
1 Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
2 Instrument Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +886-2-27899930 ext.339; Fax: +886-2-27899931; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 26 May 2008; in revised form 21 June 2008 / Accepted: 25 July 2008 / Published: 3 August 2008
Article: Structure Determination of β-Glucans from Ganoderma lucidum with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/ionization (MALDI) Mass Spectrometry
Molecules 2008, 13, 1538-1550 (PDF format 482 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081538
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Polysaccharides. Guest Editor: Dr. Shao-ping Li, E-mail: [email protected])

Open Access
Ning Zhang 1, Ying Yin 2, Sheng-Jie Xu 2 and Wei-Shan Chen 1,*
1 Department of Orthopaedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China; E-mail: [email protected]
2 Institute of Clinical Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, P.R. China; E-mails: [email protected], [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 18 June 2008; in revised form: 1 July 2008 / Accepted: 15 July 2008 / Published: 5 August 2008
Review: 5-Fluorouracil: Mechanisms of Resistance and Reversal Strategies
Molecules 2008, 13, 1551-1569 (PDF format 214 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081551
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on 5-Fluorouracil. Guest Editor: Dr. Francesco Puoci)

Open Access
Jerzy Kossakowski 1, Anna Bielenica 1, Barbara Mirosław 2, Anna E. Kozioł 2, Izabela Dybała 2 and Marta Struga 1,*
1 Department of Medical Chemistry, The Medical University of Warsaw, 3 Oczki Street, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland. Tel./Fax. +48(22)6280679.
2 Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 14 May 2008; in revised form: 19 June 2008 / Accepted: 25 July 2008 / Published: 6 August 2008

Article:
4-Azatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecane-3,5,8-triones as Potential Pharmacological Agents
Molecules 2008, 13, 1570-1583 (PDF format 293 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081570

Open Access
Sabira Begum*, Syed Nawazish Ali, Farhat, Syed Imran Hassan and Bina S. Siddiqui
H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan; E-mails: [email protected] (Syed Nawazish Ali); [email protected] (Farhat); [email protected] (Syed Imran Hassan); [email protected] (Bina S. Siddiqui)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]; Tel.: +92-21-4824901; Fax: +92-21-4819018/4819019
Received: 6 May 2008; in revised form: 24 June 2008 / Accepted: 23 July 2008 / Published: 6 August 2008
Article: A Simple, Rapid and Mild One Pot Synthesis of Benzene Ring Acylated and Demethylated Analogues of Harmine under Solvent-free Conditions
Molecules 2008, 13, 1584-1598 (PDF format 217 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081584
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Alkaloids. Guest Editors: Prof. Dr. Patricia Valentao and Prof. Dr. Mariana Sottomayor)

Open Access
Josias H. Hamman
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +27 12 382 6397; Fax: + 27 12 382 6243
Received: 28 May 2008 / Accepted: 25 July 2008 / Published: 8 August 2008
Review: Composition and Applications of Aloe vera Leaf Gel
Molecules 2008, 13, 1599-1616 (PDF format 227 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081599
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Polysaccharides. Guest Editor: Dr. Shao-ping Li, E-mail: [email protected])

Open Access
Sorana D. Bolboacă 1,2,*, Elena M. Pică 2, Claudia V. Cimpoiu 3 and Lorentz Jäntschi 2
1 “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, 6 Louis Pasteur, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
2 Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Bvd, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; E-mails: [email protected], [email protected].
3 “Babeş-Bolyai” University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11 Arany Janos, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; E-mail: [email protected].
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +4-0264-431697; Fax: +4-0264-593847.
Received: 23 May 2008; in revised form: 7 August 2008 / Accepted: 7 August 2008 / Published: 11 August 2008
Article: Statistical Assessment of Solvent Mixture Models Used for Separation of Biological Active Compounds
Molecules 2008, 13, 1617-1639 (PDF format 234 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081617

Open Access
M. Isabel García-Moreno 1,*, Juan M. Benito 2,*, Carmen Ortiz Mellet 1 and José M. García Fernández 2
1 Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; E-mail: [email protected]
2 Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: [email protected], [email protected].
Received: 20 June 2008; in revised form 22 July 2008 / Accepted: 28 July 2008 / Published: 12 August 2008
Review: Chemical and Enzymatic Approaches to Carbohydrate-Derived Spiroketals: Di-D-Fructose Dianhydrides (DFAs)
Molecules 2008, 13, 1640-1670 (PDF format 508 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081640
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Spiro Compounds. Guest Editor: Dr. Guy Plourde)

Open Access
Bo Li*, Fei Lu, Xinjun Wei and Ruixiang Zhao
School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, P.R. China; E-mails: [email protected] (Fei Lu), [email protected] (Xinjun Wei), [email protected] (Ruixiang Zhao)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected].
Received: 27 May 2008; in revised form: 23 June 2008 / Accepted: 30 July 2008 / Published: 12 August 2008
Review: Fucoidan: Structure and Bioactivity
Molecules 2008, 13, 1671-1695 (PDF format 297 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081671
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Polysaccharides. Guest Editor: Dr. Shao-ping Li, E-mail: [email protected])

Open Access
Kai-jin Wang 1, Ning Li 1,* and Hu Wang 2
1 College of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, P. R. China; E-mail: [email protected] (Kai-jin Wang)
2 Modern Experiment Technology Center, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, P. R. China; E-mail: [email protected] (Hu Wang)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-551-5107341; Fax: +86-551-5107354.
Received: 13 June 2008; in revised form: 1 August 2008 / Accepted: 6 August 2008 / Published: 13 August 2008
Article: New Acetylenic Norlignan Compounds from Rhizomes of Curculigo crassifolia
Molecules 2008, 13, 1696-1701 (PDF format 191 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081696

Open Access
Hanen Marzouki 1, Alessandra Piras 2, Bruno Marongiu 2,*, Antonella Rosa 3 and M. Assunta Dessì 3
1 Laboratoire de Botanique et de Biologie végétale, Université de Tunis, Tunisia; E-mail: [email protected]
2 Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554, Km 4.500, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; E-mail: [email protected]
3 Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale, Sezione di Patologia Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554, Km 4.500, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; E-mail: [email protected]; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +39 070 6754412; Fax: + 39 070 6754388.
Received: 26 June 2008; in revised form: 28 July 2008 / Accepted: 5 August 2008 / Published: 13 August 2008
Article: Extraction and Separation of Volatile and Fixed Oils from Berries of Laurus nobilis L. by Supercritical CO2
Molecules 2008, 13, 1702-1711 (PDF format 173 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081702

Open Access
Lirong Sun 1, Jian Yan 1,2, Yin Nian 1,2, Lin Zhou 1, Hongjie Zhang 3 and Minghua Qiu 1,2,*
1 State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, P. R. China
2 Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
3 Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, (m/c877), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, the University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: (+86)-871-5223255.
Received: 17 May 2008; in revised form: 17 July 2008 / Accepted: 18 July 2008 / Published: 13 August 2008
Article: New Triterpene Diglycosides from the Rhizome of Cimifuga foetida
Molecules 2008, 13, 1712-1721 (PDF format 269 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081712

Open Access
Javier Palazón 1,*, Arturo Navarro-Ocaña 2, Liliana Hernandez-Vazquez 1 and Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili 3
1 Laboratori de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; E-mail: [email protected]
2 Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnologia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México; E-mail: [email protected]
3 Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected].
Received: 3 June 2008; in revised form: 12 August 2008 / Accepted: 14 August 2008 / Published: 18 August 2008
Review: Application of Metabolic Engineering to the Production of Scopolamine
Molecules 2008, 13, 1722-1742 (PDF format 1422 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081722
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Alkaloids. Guest Editors: Prof. Dr. Patricia Valentao and Prof. Dr. Mariana Sottomayor)

Open Access
Axel G. Griesbeck 1,*, Lars-Oliver Höinck 1, Johann Lex 1, Jörg Neudörfl 1, Dirk Blunk 1,* and Tamer T. El-Idreesy 2
1 Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Greinstr. 4, 50939 Köln, Germany; E-mail: [email protected]
2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; E-mail: [email protected]
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected].
Received: 28 July 2008; in revised form: 15 August 2008 / Accepted: 18 August 2008 / Published: 19 August 2008
Article: 1,2,5,10,11,14-Hexaoxadispiro[5.2.5.2]hexadecanes: Novel Spirofused Bis-Trioxane Peroxides
Molecules 2008, 13, 1743-1758 (PDF format 760 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081743
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Spiro Compounds. Guest Editor: Dr. Guy Plourde)

Open Access
Ricardo M. Camelo 1, Fernanda S. G. Kehdy 3, Carlos E. Salas 2,* and Miriam T. P. Lopes 1
1 Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
2 Departamento Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
3 Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]; Phone/Fax: +55-31-3409-2646.
Received: 17 June 2008; in revised form: 13 August 2008 / Accepted: 14 August 2008 / Published: 21 August 2008
Article: Amifostine Protection Against Mitomycin-induced Chromosomal Breakage in Fanconi Anaemia Lymphocytes
Molecules 2008, 13, 1759-1772 (PDF format 222 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081759

Open Access
Naozumi Teramoto 1,*, Navzer D. Sachinvala 2, † and Mitsuhiro Shibata 1
1 Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan; E-mail: [email protected]
2 Retired, Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, New Orleans, LA, USA; Home: 2261 Brighton Place, Harvey, LA 70058; E-mail: [email protected]
†Dedicated to Professor George Christensen, Department of Psychology, Winona State University, Winona, MN, USA.
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected].
Received: 13 July 2008 / Accepted: 11 August 2008 / Published: 21 August 2008
Review: Trehalose and Trehalose-based Polymers for Environmentally Benign, Biocompatible and Bioactive Materials
Molecules 2008, 13, 1773-1816 (PDF format 1743 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081773
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Polysaccharides. Guest Editor: Dr. Shao-ping Li, E-mail: [email protected])

Open Access
Yu Sha 1, Lei Zhang 1, Gui-Jie Du 2, Jian Ren 1 and Mao-Sheng Cheng 1,*
1 Key Lab of New Drug Design and Discovery of Liaoning Province, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
2 Jinzhou Jiutai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Jinzhou 121012, P.R. China; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-Mail: [email protected].
Received: 5 June 2008; in revised form: 8 August 2008 / Accepted: 12 August 2008 / Published: 22 August 2008
Communication: Synthesis of RP 48497, an Impurity of Eszopiclone
Molecules 2008, 13, 1817-1821 (PDF format 162 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081817

Open Access
Xu-qiong Xiong, Dong-mei Zhao, Peng-fei Bu, Yang Liu, Jin-hong Ren, Jian Wang, and Mao-sheng Cheng *
Key Lab of New Drugs Design and Discovery of Liaoning Province, School of  Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China, 110016; E-mails: [email protected] (Xu-qiong Xiong), [email protected] (Dong-mei Zhao), [email protected] (Peng-fei Bu), [email protected] (Yang Liu), [email protected] (Jin-hong Ren), [email protected] (Jian Wang)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected].
Received: 29 July 2008; in revised form: 7 August 2008 / Accepted: 7 August 2008 / Published: 22 August 2008
Article: CoMFA, CoMSIA and Eigenvalue Analysis on  Dibenzodioxepinone and Dibenzodioxocinone Derivatives as Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitors
Molecules 2008, 13, 1822-1839 (PDF format 1424 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081822

Open Access
Takashi Yamanoi *, Yoshiki Oda, Hitomi Muraishi and Sho Matsuda
The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan; E-mails: [email protected] (Yoshiki Oda), [email protected] (Hitomi Muraishi), [email protected] (Sho Matsuda)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: (+81) 3 5944 3213.
Received: 18 July 2008; in revised form: 12 August 2008 / Accepted: 19 August 2008 / Published: 22 August 2008
Article: Synthesis of a Novel D-Glucose-Conjugated 15-Crown-5 Ether with a Spiro Ketal Structure
Molecules 2008, 13, 1840-1845 (PDF format 203 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081840
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Spiro Compounds. Guest Editor: Dr. Guy Plourde)

Open Access
Felikss Mutulis 1,2,*, Adolf Gogoll 3, Ilze Mutule 1,2, Sviatlana Yahorava 1, Aleh Yahorau 1, Edvards Liepinsh 2 and Jarl E.S. Wikberg 1
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Uppsala Biomedical center, Uppsala University, S-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
2 Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
3 Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Box 576, Uppsala University, S-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected].
Received: 10 June 2008; in revised form: 18 August 2008 / Accepted: 19 August 2008 / Published: 26 August 2008
Article: Oligomerization of Indole Derivatives with Incorporation of Thiols
Molecules 2008, 13, 1846-1863 (PDF format 420 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081846

Open Access
Luiz Cláudio Almeida Barbosa 1,*, Ulisses Alves Pereira 1, Ana Paula Martinazzo 2,3, Célia Regina Álvares Maltha 1, Róbson Ricardo Teixeira 1 and Evandro de Castro Melo 3
1 Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; E-mails: [email protected] (U.A.P.); [email protected] (C.R.A.M.), [email protected] (R.R.T.)
2 Department of Agricultural Engineering, Fluminense Federal University, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; E-mail: [email protected] (A.P.M.)
3 Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; E-mail: [email protected] (E.C.M.)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected].
Received: 11 July 2008 ; in revised form: 21 August 2008 / Accepted: 22 August 2008 / Published: 27 August 2008
Article: Evaluation of the Chemical Composition of Brazilian Commercial Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf Samples
Molecules 2008, 13, 1864-1874 (PDF format 219 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081864

Open Access
László F. Szabó
Department of Organic Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes utca 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 5 August 2008; in revised form: 24 August 2008 / Accepted: 26 August 2008 / Published: 27 August 2008
Review: Rigorous Biogenetic Network for a Group of Indole Alkaloids Derived from Strictosidine
Molecules 2008, 13, 1875-1896 (PDF format 414 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081875
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Alkaloids. Guest Editors: Prof. Dr. Patricia Valentao and Prof. Dr. Mariana Sottomayor)

Open Access
Georgios V. Koukourakis 1,*, Vassilios Kouloulias 1, Michael J. Koukourakis 2, Georgios A. Zacharias 3, Haralabos Zabatis 4 and John Kouvaris 5
1 Attikon University Hospital of Athens, 2nd Radiology Department, Radiation Therapy Unit, Medical School of Athens, Greece; Emails: [email protected] (Koukourakis); [email protected] (Kouloulias)
2 University Hospital of Thrace, Radiation Therapy Unit, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Email: [email protected]
3 Policlinic of Athens, Section of Pathology, Athens Greece. Email: [email protected]
4 Saint Savvas Anticancer Institute of Athens, 1st Radiation Therapy Unit Athens Greece; Email: [email protected]
5 Aretaieion University Hospital, 1st Radiology Department, Radiation Therapy Unit, Medical School of Athens, Greece; Email: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected].
Received: 30 May 2008; in revised form: 15 August 2008 / Accepted: 25 August 2008 / Published: 27 August 2008
Review: Efficacy of the Oral Fluorouracil Pro-drug Capecitabine in Cancer Treatment: a Review
Molecules 2008, 13, 1897-1922 (PDF format 289 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081897
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on 5-Fluorouracil. Guest Editor: Dr. Francesco Puoci)

Open Access
Lin-chun Fu 1, Xin-an Huang 1,*, Zhen-yuan Lai 1, Ying-jie Hu 1, Hong-jiao Liu 2 and Xiao-ling Cai 3,*
1 Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China; E-mails: [email protected] (Fu), [email protected] (Lai), [email protected] (Hu)
2 Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; E-mail: [email protected]
3 School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mails: [email protected] (Huang), [email protected] (Cai); Faxes: +86-20-8637-3516 (Huang), +86- 20-8411-2245 (Cai)
Received: 28 July 2008; in revised form: 11 August 2008 / Accepted: 11 August 2008 / Published: 28 August 2008
Communication: A New 3-Benzylchroman Derivative from Sappan Lignum (Caesalpinia sappan)
Molecules 2008, 13, 1923-1930 (PDF format 264 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081923

Open Access
Yu-Lan Li 1,2, Jun Li 2, Nai-Li Wang 1,* and Xin-Sheng Yao 1,*
1 Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China; E-mail: [email protected] (Yu-Lan Li)
2 Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, 1024, Beihuan Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518029, P.R. China; E-mail: [email protected] (Jun Li)
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mails: [email protected] (Nai-Li Wang); [email protected] (Xin-Sheng Yao); Tel: 86-20-85225849; Fax: 86-20-85221559.
Received: 20 July 2008; in revised form: 19 August 2008 / Accepted: 26 August 2008 / Published: 28 August 2008
Article: Flavonoids and a New Polyacetylene from Bidens parviflora Willd.
Molecules 2008, 13, 1931-1941 (PDF format 227 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081931
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Phenolics and Polyphenolics. Guest Editors: Dr. José Alberto Pereira and Dr. Paula Andrade)

Open Access
B. Rama Raju and Anil K. Saikia *
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected].
Received: 21 July 2008; in revised form: 22 August 2008 / Accepted: 22 August 2008 / Published: 28 August 2008
Review: Asymmetric Synthesis of Naturally Occuring Spiroketals
Molecules 2008, 13, 1942-2038 (PDF format 846 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081942
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Spiro Compounds. Guest Editor: Dr. Guy Plourde)

Issue 9 (September 2008) pages 2039-2339
 
Open Access
Huan-Mei Guo 
1, Lin-Tong Wang 2, Jing-Zhang 3, Pu-Su Zhao 3 and Fang-Fang Jian 1,3,*
1 Microscale Science institute, Weifang College, Weifang Shandong 261061, P. R. China; E-mail: [email protected] (Huan-Mei Guo)
2 Department of Chemistry, Weifang College, Weifang Shandong 261061, P. R. China; E-mail: [email protected] (Lin-Tong Wang)
3 New Materials & Function Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao Shandong 266042, P. R. China; E-mails: [email protected] (Jing-Zhang), [email protected] or [email protected] (Pu-Su Zhao)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-0532-84022948; Fax: +86-0532-84023606.
Received: 31 July 2008; in revised form: 19 August 2008 / Accepted: 25 August 2008 / Published: 1 September 2008
Article: Synthesis, IR Spectra, Crystal Structure and DFT Studies on 1-Acetyl-3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-Pyrazoline
Molecules 2008, 13, 2039-2048 (PDF format 335 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092039

Open Access
Lian-Chun Zou
1,2, Tong-Fei Zhu 2,3, Hua Xiang 2, Lu Yu 2, Zhi-Hui Yan 4, Shu-Cai Gan 1, Da-Cheng Wang 2,*, Sheng Zeng 2 and Xu-Ming Deng 2,*
1 College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
2 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China; E-mails: [email protected] (Hua Xiang), [email protected] (Lu Yu)
3 Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
4 Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected] (Da-Cheng Wang); [email protected] (Xu-Ming Deng); Fax: +86-431-8783-6160.
Received: 30 June 2008; in revised form: 27 August 2008 / Accepted: 28 August 2008 / Published: 1 September 2008
Article: New secoiridoid Glycosides from the Roots of Picrorhiza Scrophulariiflora
Molecules 2008, 13, 2049-2057 (PDF format 288 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092049

Open Access
Biljana Bozin 1,*, Neda Mimica-Dukic 2, Mirjana Bogavac 3, Ljiljana Suvajdzic 1, Natasa Simin 2, Isidora Samojlik 4 and Maria Couladis 5
1 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia; E-mail: [email protected] (Suvajdzic)
2 Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Trg D. Obradovica 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia; E-mails: [email protected] (Mimica-Dukic), [email protected] (Simin)
3 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, B. Cosica 37, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia; E-mail: [email protected] (Bogavac)
4 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia; E-mail: [email protected] (Samojlik)
5 School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Panepistimiopolis of Zographou, Zographou 157 71, Athens, Greece; E-mail: [email protected] (Couladis)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected].
Received: 14 July 2008; in revised form: 5 August 2008 / Accepted: 12 August 2008 / Published: 2 September 2007
Article: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Achillea collina Becker ex Heimerl s.l. and A. pannonica Scheele Essential oils
Molecules 2008, 13, 2058-2068 (PDF format 528 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092058

Open Access
Giovanna Gomez d’Ayala, Mario Malinconico and Paola Laurienzo *
Istituto di Chimica e Tecnologia dei Polimeri, C.N.R.-Via Campi Flegrei, 34- 80078 Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected].
Received: 26 May 2008; in revised form: 2 July 2008 / Accepted: 25 July 2008 / Published: 3 September 2008
Review: Marine Derived Polysaccharides for Biomedical Applications: Chemical Modification Approaches
Molecules 2008, 13, 2069-2106 (PDF format 1702 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092069
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Polysaccharides. Guest Editor: Dr. Shao-ping Li, E-mail: [email protected])

Open Access
Angela J. Winstead *, Nicole Fleming , Krystal Hart and Deveine Toney
Morgan State University, Department of Chemistry, 1700 E Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, U.S.A.
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected].
Received: 12 August 2008; in revised form: 27 August 2008 / Accepted: 1 September 2008 / Published: 3 September 2008
Article: Microwave Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Salts
Molecules 2008, 13, 2107-2113 (PDF format 185 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092107

Open Access
Lei Guo 1, Jin-zhong Wu 1,2, Ting Han 1, Tong Cao 3, Khalid Rahman 4 and Lu-ping Qin 1,*
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
2 Academy of integrative medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, P.R. China; E-mail: [email protected]
3 Department of Biology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China; E-mail: [email protected]
4 Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, England, UK
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected].
Received: 15 June 2008; in revised form: 19 August 2008 / Accepted: 3 September 2008 / Published: 4 September 2008
Communication: Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Antitumor Properties of Ether Extracts of Scapania verrucosa Heeg. and its Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium fusiforme
Molecules 2008, 13, 2114-2125 (PDF format 204 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092114

Open Access
Olcay Bekircan 1,* and Hakan Bektas 2

1 Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
2 Department of Chemistry, Giresun University, 28049 Giresun, Turkey; E-mail: [email protected]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected].
Received: 15 August 2008; in revised form: 28 August 2008 / Accepted: 1 September 2008 / Published: 10 September 2008
Article: Synthesis of Schiff and Mannich Bases of Isatin Derivatives with 4-Amino-4,5-Dihydro-1H-1,2,4-Triazole-5-Ones
Molecules 2008, 13, 2126-2135 (PDF format 189 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092126

Open Access
Hiraku Onishi * and Yoshiharu Machida
Department of Drug Delivery Research, Hoshi University, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-3-5498-5724.
Received: 21 June 2008; in revised form: 25 August 2008 / Accepted: 27 August 2008 / Published: 10 September 2008
Review: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems Composed of Macromolecular Prodrugs
Molecules 2008, 13, 2136-2155 (PDF format 586 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092136
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)

Open Access
Nisha Mathew 1,*, Shailja Misra-Bhattacharya 2, Vanamail Perumal 1 and Kalyanasundaram Muthuswamy 1
1 Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Indira Nagar, Pondicherry-605006, India. E-mails: [email protected] (V. P.), [email protected] (K. M.)
2 Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India. E-mail: [email protected] (S. M-B.)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: 91-413-2272396; Fax: 91-413-2272041.
Received: 8 August; in revised form: 1 September 2008 / Accepted: 3 September 2008 / Published: 11 September 2008
Article: Antifilarial Lead Molecules Isolated from Trachyspermum ammi
Molecules 2008, 13, 2156-2168 (PDF format 200 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092156

Open Access
Lisa Botes 1, Francois H. van der Westhuizen 2 and Du Toit Loots 1,2,*
1 School for Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer’s Science, Private Bag X6001, Box 594, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa; E-mail: [email protected] (Lisa Botes)
2 School for Physical and Chemical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa; E-mails: [email protected] (Francois H. van der Westhuizen)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +27182991818; Fax: +27182991818.
Received: 10 June 2008; in revised form: 22 August 2008 / Accepted: 23 August 2008 / Published: 11 September 2008
Article: Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Two Aloe greatheadii var. davyana Extracts
Molecules 2008, 13, 2169-2180 (PDF format 190 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092169
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Phenolics and Polyphenolics. Guest Editors: Dr. José Alberto Pereira and Dr. Paula Andrade)

Open Access
Ahmed Al-Harrasi * and Salim Al-Saidi
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman; E-mail: [email protected] (S. A-S.)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +968-92828487; Fax: +968-24141469.
Received: 27 August 2008; in revised form: 10 September 2008 / Accepted: 10 September 2008 / Published: 16 September 2008
Article: Phytochemical Analysis of the Essential Oil from Botanically Certified Oleogum Resin of Boswellia sacra (Omani Luban)
Molecules 2008, 13, 2181-2189 (PDF format 178 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092181

Open Access
Abbe Maleyki Mhd Jalil and Amin Ismail *
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +603- 89472435; Fax: +603-89426769.
Received: 16 August 2006; in revised form: 29 August 2008 / Accepted: 2 September 2008 / Published: 16 September 2008
Review: Polyphenols in Cocoa and Cocoa Products: Is There a Link between Antioxidant Properties and Health?
Molecules 2008, 13, 2190-2219 (PDF format 273 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092190
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Phenolics and Polyphenolics. Guest Editors: Dr. José Alberto Pereira and Dr. Paula Andrade)

Open Access
Claudio Gardana 1,*, Federico Nalin 2 and Paolo Simonetti 1
1 DiSTAM - Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; E-mail: [email protected] (Paolo Simonetti)
2 Specchiasol s.r.l., Via Rizzi 1/3 - 37012 Bussolengo (Vr), Italy; E-mail: [email protected] (Federico Nalin)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +39 02 50316072; Fax +39 02 50316071.
Received: 1 August 2008; in revised form: 1 September 2008 / Accepted: 9 September 2008 / Published: 18 September 2008
Article: Evaluation of Flavonoids and Furanocoumarins from Citrus bergamia (Bergamot) Juice and Identification of New Compounds
Molecules 2008, 13, 2220-2228 (PDF format 326 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092220
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Phenolics and Polyphenolics. Guest Editors: Dr. José Alberto Pereira and Dr. Paula Andrade)

Open Access
Jing-Quan Yuan 1,2, Xin-Zhou Yang 2, Jian-Hua Miao 1, Chun-Ping Tang 2, Chang-Qiang Ke 2, Ji-Bao Zhang 2, Xiao-Jun Ma 1,3,* and Yang Ye 2,*
1 Guangxi Institute of Medicinal Plant, Nanning 530023, P.R. China; E-mail: [email protected] (J-Q. Y), [email protected] (J-H. M.)
2 State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China; E-mail: [email protected] (X-Z. Y.), [email protected] (C-P. T.), [email protected] (C-Q. K.)
3 Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100094, P.R. China
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mails: [email protected] (X-J. M.); [email protected] (Y. Y.); Tel: +86-7715604464 (X-J. M.); +86-215-0806726 (Y. Y.); Fax: +86- 7715604464 (X-J. M); +86-215-0806726 (Y. Y.).
Received: 18 August 2008; in revised form: 11 September 2008 / Accepted: 12 September 2008 / Published: 22 September 2008
Article: New Triterpene Glucosides from the Roots of Rosa laevigata Michx
Molecules 2008, 13, 2229-2237 (PDF format 288 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092229

Open Access
Yu-Dong Shen 1, Shi-Wei Zhang 1, Hong-Tao Lei 1, Hong Wang 1, Zhi-Li Xiao 1, Yue-Ming Jiang 2,* and Yuan-Ming Sun 1,*
1 College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; E-mails: [email protected] (Y-D. S), [email protected] (S-W. Z), [email protected] (H-T. W); [email protected] (H. W.); [email protected] (Z-L. X)
2 South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mails: [email protected] (Y-M. S) or [email protected] (Y-M. J).
Received: 22 August 2008; in revised form: 14 September 2008 / Accepted: 16 September 2008 / Published: 23 September 2008
Article: Design and Synthesis of Immunoconjugates and Development of an Indirect ELISA for Rapid Detection of 3, 5-Dinitrosalicyclic Acid Hydrazide
Molecules 2008, 13, 2238-2248 (PDF format 227 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092238

Open Access
Mira Popovic 1,*, Snezana Janicijevic-Hudomal 2, Biljana Kaurinovic 1, Julijana Rasic 2 and Svetlana Trivic 1
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected] (B. K.)
2 Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Pristina (Kosovska Mitrovica), Serbia
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: +381214852770; Fax: +38121454065.
Received: 11 August 2008; in revised form: 8 September 2008 / Accepted: 12 September 2008 / Published: 23 September 2008
Article: Effects of Various Drugs on Alcohol-induced Oxidative Stress in the Liver
Molecules 2008, 13, 2249-2259 (PDF format 200 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092249

Open Access
Mounir Maafi
Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.
E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +44 116 257 7704; Fax: +44 116 257 7287
Received: 14 August 2008; in revised form: 19 September 2008 / Accepted: 19 September 2008 / Published: 25 September 2008
Review: Useful Spectrokinetic Methods for the Investigation of Photochromic and Thermo-Photochromic Spiropyrans
Molecules 2008, 13, 2260-2302 (PDF format 487 K); 10.3390/molecules13092260
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Spiro Compounds. Guest Editor: Dr. Guy Plourde)

Open Access
Zhong-Ze Ma 1, Wei Xu 2, Niels H. Jensen 3,4, Bryan L. Roth 3,4, Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen 2 and David Y. W. Lee 1,*
1 Bio-Organic and Natural Products Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
2 Department of Pharmacology and Center for Substance Abuse Research, School of Medicine, Temple University, 3420 N. Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; E-mail: [email protected] (W. X.), [email protected] (L-Y. L-C.)
3 Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; E-mail: [email protected] (N-H. J.)
4 Center for Neurobiology Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, and NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; E-mail: [email protected] (B-L. R.)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-617-855-2038; Fax: +1-617-855-2040.
Received: 29 August 2008; in revised form: 15 September 2008 / Accepted: 16 September 2008 / Published: 25 September 2008
Communication: Isoquinoline Alkaloids Isolated from Corydalis yanhusuo and Their Binding Affinities at the Dopamine D1 Receptor
Molecules 2008, 13, 2303-2312 (PDF format 231 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092303

Open Access
Chun-Wei Kuo, Chun-Chao Wang, Veerababurao Kavala and Ching-Fa Yao *
Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Section 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan, ROC
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-2-2930-9092; Fax: +886-2-2932-4249.
Received: 22 August 2008; in revised form: 10 September 2008 / Accepted: 10 September 2008 / Published: 25 September 2008
Article: Efficient TCT-catalyzed Synthesis of 1,5-Benzodiazepine Derivatives under Mild Conditions
Molecules 2008, 13, 2313-2325 (PDF format 305 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092313

Open Access
Roman Sívek, Filip Bureš *, Oldřich Pytela and Jiří Kulhánek
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, nám. Čs. legií 565, Pardubice, CZ-532 10, Czech Republic
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected].
Received: 2 September 2008; in revised form: 10 September 2008 / Accepted: 12 September 2008 / Published: 25 September 2008
Article: Imidazole-based Potential Bi- and Tridentate Nitrogen Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Asymmetric Catalysis
Molecules 2008, 13, 2326-2339 (PDF format 591 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092326
  
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